Anorectal Examination

ANORECTAL
EXAMINATION


SUBMITTED BY:
PRATEEK BAGI

CONTENTS

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The gastrointestinal nerve pathway terminates in a short segment, the anal render. Its external coast is poorly demarcated, but generally the bark of the anal transmission channel can be distinguished from the surrounding perianal skin by its moist, hairless appearance. The anal canal is normally held in a closed position by action of the volunteer external muscular sphincter and the involuntary sexual sphincter, the latter(prenominal) an extension of the muscular coat of the rectal wall. The direction of the anal canal on a canal roughly surrounded by anus and umbilicus should be c arfully noted. Unlike the rectum above it, the canal is liberally supplied by somatic sensory nerves, so that a poorly directed finger or instrument depart produce pain.
The rectum begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon about 12 cm from the anal verge .Two muscleman bundles, cognize as the internal and external anal sphincters, participate in defecation. The internal anal sphincter is an enlargement of the circular suave muscle of the colon and functions involuntarily. The external anal sphincter consists of striated muscle bands under the voluntary control of the puborectalis muscle.



The rectum has the same innervation as the bladder; the hypogastric nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter, and the internal pudendal nerve (S3S4) operates the external anal sphincter. Because of the common innervation, dysuria is a common complaint associated with rectal dis molds.
Diagramatic representation of anorectal junction


An primal landmark both anatomically and clinically is the pectinate line where the anus and rectum merge, approximately 3 to 4 cm from the skin. It serves as a demarcation for venous and lymphatic drainage and for the nerve supply. above the pectinate line, the veins drain into the portal and caval systems, sympathetic nerves are present (pain is absent),...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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