Nuclear Power - Whats missing from the debate? Essay -- Argumentative

Nuclear Power - Whats missing from the debate? It is not generally a great idea to apologize for ones cover at the beginning, but the majority of this essay is going to include something which Swatties (or at least, I) cook a great tendency to do - through attempting to think critically about issues, end up tearing apart the reasoning/argument of the author we dont think has thought everything through, or with whose opinion we do not comply (which, as some of us were informed by a professor of ours, is not very nice). However, I do think this is a worthwhile exercise, specially when dealing with a very real world problem/debate such as that surrounding nuclear index number, as everyone can learn from the holes others canvass in ones argument. Hopefully, as well, you all will help to point out further discrepancies for me and refute my attacks on the authors behalf. In his essay Yes Nuclear Power Is Safe, and We lease It, Jagger presents a litany of reasons for why nuclear powe r is safer than other energy-gathering technologies, why it is economically viable, why all of the fears surrounding its by-products are unfounded. He presents his case for nuclear power almost exclusively in relation to coal-burning energy, however. If nuclear power really will solve all the worlds energy problems, including reducing the amount of air befoulment released each year (which cuts down on respiratory disease, acid rain, ozone depletion, and the greenhouse effect), providing limitless energy to the world through the use of an infinite resource, and doing everything safely and at extremely low cost, why would one consider it in terms of purely the dirty, environmentally unfriendly, dangerous coal industry? Why not outcome on all possible energy te... .... It does not require an extreme view, but if one looks at the natural environment as being congruous of consideration, in addition to human life, one may find extremely compelling reasons for rejecting nuclear power o n ethical grounds. This ethical rejection would be grounded unwaveringly in reasoning and based on facts surrounding the debate, but would not accept the requisite disposal problems associated with nuclear power. I believe that this is the approach we have discussed in class on numerous occasions, and that Hans has been hoping we would adopt it as the way to defend ourselves and our environment. However, it requires critical thinking, constant questioning, a lot of refuting, and awareness of the (disappointing) potential for slag in science. I hope we can work on developing these kind of ethical approaches to many of the problems we encounter in the future.

The Cost of Discipleship Essay -- Papers

The Cost of Discipleship The definition of the word disciple means a follower or one who learns. saviour chose several disciples to follow him and to go out and preach his teachings. We are told in the call of the disciples in Marks gospel that the men Jesus chose werent special or significant in any way, the men he chose were just normal men consisting of fishermen and tax collectors. Jesus appoints his first four disciples, Simon, Andrew, pile and John by simply saying Come follow me and I will make you fishers of men. Immediately, they left their things and followed a man they hardly knew. This is the only version we get that the disciples were in a way special, because the disciples had the courage and trust in God follow Jesus. The same also occurred with the selection of the fifth disciple Levi who was by and by renamed Matthew. Jesus approaches Matthew in his tax collectors booth and says follow me, Matthew then rises and follows Jesus. The selection of the disciples seems very strange as none of the...

Exile And Pain In Three Elegiac Poems Essay -- essays research papers

There is a great similarity between the three elegiac poems, The Wanderer, The married woman of Lament, and The Seafarer. This similarity is the group of exile. Exile means separation, or banishment from ones native country, region, or home. During the Anglo Saxon period, exile caused a great amount of pain and grief. The theme is shown to have put great sadness into literature of this time period. The majority of the worlds literature from the past contains the theme of exile.     The Wife of Lament is another perfect object lesson of literature with exile, and was written by an unknown author. The most striking example of exile in this poem can be seen in the passage when she says, "A song I sing of sorrow unceasing, the tale of my trouble, the weight of my woe, woe of the present, and woe of the past, woe never-ending of exile, and grief, but never since girlhood greater thence now." The womans husband left her in a life of exile, after he left. She is constantly looking for him, and finds a life that is quite similar to being locked extraneous in prison. She is locked up in a cave under a tree. Her joy comes from thinking that her husband is as miserable as her. In the early passage from the poem, The Wanderer, it speaks of exile by saying, "To the wanderer, weary of exile cometh Gods pity, compassionate love, though woefully toiling on wintry seas with churning oar in the icy wave, homeless person and helpless he fled from fate." It can be easily seen...

Essay --

Some resources needed to become a record label owner consist of, a go to computerized axial tomography or girl for graphic design, merchandise printers, a talent manager. Some common sense things that would victor in this career might be temper typing skills and a lot of patience. A corking way to catch peoples maintenance is a logotype. A professional looking logo is always worth how ever much it is priced or quoted by the graphic designer you choose to use. There are many so dont think your choices are limited. I personally know 10 off the top of my head, including myself. But for the best work, its sometimes better to expect somebody else do your graphic design work, as its not burdening you on your other jobs you need to look into for your label. Usually graphic designers are common with mostly all of the social media sites out there. The main sites that Ive seen graphic designers on, include Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram, and usually their own site recommended b y someone on any of the above social media sites. That guy would most likely be doing all of your merchandise for your label, or bands as well. Merchandise (aka. merch) printer/distributors, is a great thing to have when youre a record label owner. Especially if your designer does a great job that wants people to spend their money on your merch. A great thing to look for in a merch printer/distributor, is by looking into their previous customers. Seeing if they had any problems, or any setbacks, or just problems with macrocosm unprepared. Finding someone who already has a flat rate is great because their flat rate brook give you the number youre looking for when deliver your money or purchasing your printed merch. Being able to tell a good band apart from a mediocre, not really... ...ught as a threat. early(a) labels dont really enjoy competition, especially when your label takes a band that they wanted to sign to their label. Another great way to get attention is promotional pages on Facebook, Twitter, and other sites that have a smaller fan base, but want attention to their small time bands. When using promotional pages you always try to get Likes on your Facebook, because usually thats one of the first thing a band looks for when looking for a label. Then its professional qualities. Activity on the page, maturity, and so on. Say for example, my label partner and I have discussed that no other label this close to their inception looks this professional AND can provide what we can for our bands. That includes discounted designs, music videos, lyric videos (typography videos), promotion, and many more things Afflicted Records can provide.

Technology. The Way Of The Future? :: essays research papers

The 90s has been a decade full of controversial and world changing events. The first one I could think of would have to be the Persian disconnectedness War with Iraq. I think that war brought together the United States, stopped our fighting with each other, and helped us focus on one common enemy, ibn Talal Hussein Hussein. The next thing we did was send troops to Haiti and to Somalia to help protect the people and the failing governments. Once again the United States was brought together in a cartridge clip of war. However, I believe that the one true Zeitgeist of the 90s isnt the wars that brought us together but the information and technology age that will break us apart. The way that late products are being developed each day in the next 10 to 20 years almost everything will be automated and some being will be out of a job doing nothing.The Internet is now one of the biggest things in the world today with the help of companies like American on Line, CompuServe, Prodigy, Phil lips Web Tv and all the other companies that are trying to get rich off of it. They say people can stay in the safety of their denture while they can shop, talk to people online and even send things like birthday cards thanks to companies that advertise on the meshwork like Hallmark and Disneys family page. The Internet also offers a way to get information from a wide variety of sources like Comptons Encyclopedia and other profitcapable tools. The Internet offers all of this stuff for us to browse through without leaving our home that pretty soon no one will leave their home especially with newer technology coming out everyday.Computers are the wave of the future and with modems and the Internet and now teleconferencing many more people will be staying at home while they work. New inventions like processing chips that can run billions of commands in a matter of seconds that soon will be able to take control of robots and other machinery that will make human work obsolete.Detroit, Michigan home of the General Motors automotive company was once a gigantic flourishing community that had a huge population base. Now it is all made up of a few factories that have a very down in the mouth population base that is mainly operated by machinery and giant robots.Just recently both of my parents started to work out of there homes.

Technology. The Way Of The Future? :: essays research papers

The 90s has been a decade full of controversial and world changing events. The first one I could think of would have to be the Persian Gulf War with Iraq. I think that war brought together the United States, stopped our fighting with each separate, and helped us focus on one prevalent enemy, Saddam Hussein. The next thing we did was send troops to Haiti and to Somalia to help protect the people and the failing governments. Once again the United States was brought together in a time of war. However, I believe that the one true Zeitgeist of the 90s isnt the wars that brought us together but the information and technology age that volition break us apart. The elbow room that new products are being developed each day in the next 10 to 20 years almost e very(prenominal)thing will be automatise and many being will be out of a job doing nothing.The Internet is now one of the biggest things in the world today with the help of companies handle American on Line, CompuServe, Prodigy, Ph illips Web Tv and all the other companies that are trying to get rich off of it. They say people can delay in the safety of their home while they can shop, talk to people online and even send things like birthday cards thanks to companies that advertise on the web like Hallmark and Disneys family page. The Internet also offers a way to get information from a wide variety of sources like Comptons Encyclopedia and other useful tools. The Internet offers all of this stuff for us to browse through without leaving our home that pretty soon no one will break their home especially with newer technology coming out everyday.Computers are the wave of the future and with modems and the Internet and now teleconferencing many more people will be staying at home while they work. New inventions like processing chips that can run billions of commands in a matter of seconds that soon will be able to take control of robots and other machinery that will make human work obsolete.Detroit, Michigan hom e of the General Motors automotive company was once a huge flourishing community that had a huge population base. Now it is all made up of a few factories that have a very small population base that is mainly operated by machinery and giant robots.Just recently both of my parents started to work out of there homes.

Five Forces Framework in Personal Computer Industry (DELL) Essay

IntroductionFive Forces Framework in Personal Computer manufacturing gatekeepers Five Forces Model is a model that analyzes an manufacture to help develop a business strategy. The model uses five forces that charter been place to categorize an industry as intensely competitive or not competitive at all and this go out hence determine the attractiveness of the market. For the subprogram of this assignment, I go outing use the society that I work with before which is dingle as a case study. dingle Inc. (formerly known as Dell Computer) is an Ameri nookie multinational reckoner technology corporation based in Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells, repairs and supports computers and related products and assistances.Bearing the name of its establisher, Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest proficient corporations in the world, employing much than 103,300 people worldwide.Dell opened its plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995. They pee-pee two plan ts located in Bayan Lepas (AP 1) and Seberang Perai (AP 2). AP 1 is their main office bandage AP 2 is Dell Factory and office. In 2006, Dell opened its office in Cyberjaya. Most of the team located in here is for IT Support and Development. presently they wear about 900 people working in Dell Cyberjaya Office.According to Grant (2005), in that respect atomic number 18 many features of an industry in which a company competes that determines the level of competition it will face and the profits it will get. The most famous classification was done by Michael Porter, known as Porters Five Forces poser which can help a company determine its potential profits by looking at five sources of competitive pressure. The five sources of competition are1. Competition from newcomers2. Competition from substitutes3. Competition from established rivals4. Bargaining military unit of suppliers5. Bargaining queen of buyers.Taking Dell as an example, I will perform the Porters Five Forces analy sis on the personal computer industry to identify the state of this market.Porters Five Forces Personal Computer exertionThreat of New EntrantsThe threat of new entrants in the personal computer industry is very weak. Currently the market is dominated by five study competitors who become nearly the entire market share this will likely discourage any potential new companies from entering the market. A huge restriction to entry is also that the market requires significant investments to be made in research and development to continually develop innovative products as well as large fixed start-up cost for manufacturing and employees and customer service. Large firms have the capabilities of manufacturing at lower prices because of the advantage of economies of scale, where the will have fewer per unit costs as a result of their large scale production. Companies trying to enter the market will initially have smaller production and will consequently have spunkyer prices.In the pers onal computer industry there is currently muchemphasis put on price because consumers have become more than than price sensitive as personal computers have become more or less a commodity. New entrants will not only have higher prices but they will likely have a less innovative product as well because they do not have decent funding for research and development as other established brands and they will also have to deal with the brand loyal customers that have trusted the subsisting players in the industry for years. By attempting to join the market without any market share it will also be important for a new entrant to focus its investments more heavily on advertising and marketing then existing brands.A new entrant to the personal computer market will likely not fare well and is almost guaranteed to always be a second mover as the larger companies will develop more innovative products more rapidly because of their many competitive advantages.Bargaining Power of SuppliersSuppli ers in the personal computer industry can be categorized into threesome groups, including hardware suppliers, software suppliers and service suppliers. The core of their products are generally standardized and they compete by focusing on creating better, more advanced products at a better price and not through their attempts to narrow down them. As a result, firms indoors the industry are able to switch between their suppliers relatively easily. It is rattling in the hands of the firm and which strategy they are committed to that will determine whether or not they will utilize a high or low end supplier. With the fictional character of a computer being largely determined by their microprocessors and application system installed within them, suppliers of hardware and software within the industry play a critical role in the pricing of products.If a firm is following a high quality strategy then it can be expected that their prices will generally be higher to reflect the higher pr ices they are paying their suppliers In terms of service suppliers, the service that can be offered within the personal PC industry include internet, tech support and repair services. These suppliers focus highly on operational feat and relational performance in tell to increase customer satisfaction. They also offer a variety of customer loyalty programs in attempts to lock in and expand their customer base while trying to gain the competitive edge over competitors within the serviceindustry of personal computers.While the PC industry changes regularly, it can be observed that only the central processing unit (CPU) is a key input. every(prenominal) other items are commodity in nature and so dont command a bargaining power. Intel has a significant market power as it is a single major supplier of microprocessor and has an 80% of market share.Thus, Dell as computer manufacturer holds a power over the suppliers as opposed to the suppliers holding a power over the manufacturers. It is the suppliers that are in carry competition with each other. The suppliers are often forced to slash prices or merge with larger companies in found to survive. Hence, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate.Bargaining Power of BuyersThe personal computer industry is somewhat vulnerable against the bargaining power of buyers. In recent years customers have more and more alternative options to the personal computer. Smartphones, tablet computers, and other handheld devices like Ipods have most of the same capabilities as a personal computer. Because of the availability, sleekness, and trendiness of these alternatives, they have become increasingly popular making personal computers more and more obsolete. In order for the personal computer to compete with these newer alternative options, it must unlikeiate itself in order to regain market share. Large businesses, governments and schools which buy computers in large volumes have the power to bargain on price, quality and serv ice.Personal computer buyers are price-sensitive. PC manufacturers can reduce a threat of buyer power by differentiating their product. dingle is the only PC manufacturer that applied direct model concept where buyers can directly buy computers with DELL without a so called middle man. By using this concept, computers cost per unit can be reduced. Furthermore, buyers are able to customize the PC based on their needs. The basis of the direct model concept is to improve efficiency by effectively eliminating the intermediaries thereby allowing the company to speak directly to the customer. Dealing directly with customers allows Dell to customize their orders according to the customers needs. But, despiteseveral ways in which manufacturers have differentiated their products and found ways to increase switching costs, customers still see units as very similar and thus choose primarily on price. Hence the bargaining power of buyers can be concluded to be strong.Rivalry among Existing Fir msThere is fierce competition between the top manufacturers in the personal computer industry. All of which are fighting to produce a low cost, powerful machine with the most economic operating system. Firms specialize in different areas in order to compete amongst their rivals. Some focus on innovation and attempt to bring the newest technology to their customers first. Nevertheless, others may focus on their distribution channel and services end-to-end their firm. However, one of the fiercest areas is the price competition throughout the industry. As the PC has increasingly become a commodity in a household, the fight to keep costs low while bringing the best product to the market has become a never ending battle. One major factor in determine the quality of a personal computer is the microprocessor and application systems installed. As a result, there is a direct correlation between the firms profitableness and the profitability of the firms suppliers.Main manufacturers namely DELL, IBM, HP, Acer and Apple are in competition to produce the least expensive and most efficient machine. Japanese companies such as Fujitsu, Toshiba, Sony and NEC also have large market shares. DELL is focusing on distribution channel and high quality service while others such IBM and Apple focus more on innovation. All these create differentiation to some extent. Low-cost production at DELL contributes its positive growth rate, while other major manufacturers are experiencing negative growth rates. Another important of competitive advantage is globalization. Many PC makers in the US now earn around 40% of their revenues in international markets. Although PC markets in the US, Europe and Japan have matured and the demand has slowed down, on the other hand demand in Asia Pacific is expected to grow.The effects of intense competition are beginning to be felt as companies go across via selling to other companies or simply exiting the industry altogether. For example, Compact Compu ters was acquired by Hewlett-Packet in 2002 while Xerox exited the computer business and concentrate on printers. unheeding of the number ofcompanies present, the computer industry will continue to expand and remain competitive for a number of years to come. Hence the threat to industry contest can be concluded to be strong.Threat of Substitutes and ComplementsAlthough it is very unlikely for a new entrant to join the personal computer industry there are currently other growing industries such as the smartphone and tablet industries which are predicted to affect the sales of personal computers. The smartphone and tablet industry have different major players, but their product offers similar benefits to consumers that a personal computer also has. As smartphones and tablets continue to increase in popularity and in performance the sales of personal computers will likely decline, as some consumers see these products as alternatives for one another. The internet can now be accessed through phones and tablets and they are more portable than a laptop. Currently laptops and personal computers offer many unique applications and are compatible with much more software than smartphones and tablets.If smartphones and tablets can attain greater memory space, processing speeds, and compatibility with similar software, smartphones and tablets may be an all-in-one alternative to personal computers. As technology continues to increase these separate industries may merge into one, or at least drastically affect each other. According to the guardian.com, Dell revenues slump by 11% year-on-year to $13.7 b as tablets and smartphones enter into market. In digitaltrends.com, PC shipments in 2013 show a decline over the previous year while tablet sales forecast to grow by a hefty 67.9 portion with 202 million sales. Moreover, in ctvnews.ca, it stated that PC sales continue to fall nearly 8 % as smartphones and tablets cut the demand.But, according to Michael Dell himself, the im pact of smartphones and tablets will be limited to DELL, as it focused on the entire IT ecosystem. They have leading capabilities to manage customer information seamlessly and securely in multiple-device and BYOD environments, including virtualized desktop that you can access from any device. It is forecasted that 87% of connected devices sales by 2017 will be tablets and smartphones. Hence threat from substitutes is strong in the PC industry.Recommendation for DELLThe following are the recommendations on how DELL can turn its existing product advantage to a competitive advantage Dells beginning is in U.S. It is important for DELL to launch its products in US first before branch out to Europe and Asia. What is happening now is the reverse simulated military operation that will jeopardize the threats of Power of Buyers. Consumers are moving from PC to smartphones and tablets nowadays. sluice though Dell launched its smartphone named Dell Streak in 2010, seems like this substitute for PC was failed to gain the market share.Dell streak is no longer available in the market not even after one year of its launch. Even though Dell streak was the first of its kind with 5-inch Android phones, the failure to continue the R&D makes Dell left far behind in smartphone and tablet industry compares to Samsung and Apple. DELL is focusing on distribution channel and high quality service for many years. Other rivalry such as Apple and IBM focus more on innovation. With the fast growing technology movement, it is time for Dell to focus more on innovation and R&D. Otherwise, it will left behind and face hard time to sustain in the PC makers market share..ConclusionIt can be conclude that the PC industry is fairly attractive for well-established, global and leading companies but not for new firms. Although cost of assembling a PC is low, the barrier to entry is fairly high because of the economics of scale and brand-loyalty.Providentially, the high barrier to entry provides str ong competitive advantages to existing large companies like DELL. Nevertheless, PC manufacturer like Dell should specially focus on buyers, industry competitors and also substitutes for PC like smartphones and tablets to gain the market growth and sustainability of their profits.

A True Story of Crime and Punishment Essay

A true story of how a man was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death, May God Have Mercy exposes the imperfections in the roughshod justice frame and how it led to the death of an innocent man. Roger Colemans episode became the main story on nightly newscasts and pro exploitnt television shows such as Larry King Live, Nightline, true(p) Morning America, and the Today Show. M whatsoever pivotal, yet harmful decisions were make that ultimately resulted in an innocent mans execution at the death dramatic art in Greensville, Virginia. The police, the public prosecutor, and the Judge can all be held responsible for Colemans death. However, the reason Roger Coleman was not acquitted of the murder of Wanda McCoy in the first localize and thusly in a position to be executed was because his original lawyers, Steve Arey and Terry Jordan, did not provide him with adequate representation, as required by the Constitution of the united States of America.Steve Arey and Terry Jordan were young, inexperienced lawyers who should have never even been considered for a capital case. Judge Persin, the presiding Judge in the case, however, decided on these two gentlemen because other more experienced lawyers refused to take the case because of the enormous financial sacrifice it would require. Albeit public speculation that Judge Persins previous profession as a prosecutor had led him to heavily favor the prosecution, his decision stood. The two prosecutors who Arey and Jordan would be opposed by were Mickey McGlothlin and Tom Scott. Both prosecutors had far more experience than the apology lawyers, plainly that didnt stop Judge Persin from appointing Arey and Jordan to the case. It was an obvious mismatch, intentional or not, and was just the beginning of many problems that would arise for the defendants case.The murder of Wanda McCoy took place in Grundy, a small town in Virginia. The year was 1981, and Brad McCoy, Wandas husband, arrived home from work to find his wife dead, the apparent victim of a brutal rape and murder. The police investigated the crime scene, recorded witness reports, and searched for suspects. When they identified their prime suspect, Roger Coleman, the police made the arrest. Due to the negative public opinion that had generated following(a) the arrest, Coleman demanded that his lawyers file for a change of venue with the court. Since Grundy was such a small town, it wouldbe very difficult to pick an impartial jury to give Coleman a fair trial. Every person in the town had to have read or seen something on the murder. The fact that the police provided supposed conclusive evidence against Roger Coleman and made it public, many of Grundys residents wanted to see Coleman sentenced to death.Steve Arey had been preparing the case to present to Judge Persin, just at the last minute, he notified Terry Jordan that he would not be able to attend due to a prior engagement. Areys lack of respect for Coleman and the case in gener al left Terry Jordan with a crucial decisionwhether to seek a continuance or to argue the dubiousness himself. He chose to present the case himself. The vindications decision to argue the motion was a terrible decision. Not only should Jordan have sought a continuance because he was not active to argue the case, but neither of the exculpation lawyers had done any research or made any effort to obtain evidence to support their case for a change of venue, except for a couple of newspaper clippings and a picture of the hanging-tree sign. The prosecution, on the other hand, had gotten approximately fifty affidavits from members of the town claiming that they did not have any biased feelings about the case. As expected, Judge Persin denied the change of venue request, and effectively set the tone for Roger Colemans trial.The beginning of every trial begins with opening offerments, which provide the jury with a house trailer of the evidence they will provide and what it will effectiv ely show. A lawyers opening statement is probably the most important part of the stainless trial, and usually puts the jurors leaning favorably towards the side with the more convincing performance. Like any other criminal case, the burden of proof lies with the prosecution. They are required to evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. Mickey McGlothlin presented an organized and persuasive opening statement that gave the jury the impression that Roger Coleman was guilty establish on the significant amount of evidence against him.The defenses opening statement should have attacked the evidence that the state provided, and also attacked McGlothlins credibility. The defensesopening statement should have consisted of a description of the friendly relationship that existed between Roger Coleman and the McCoys. It also should have also included Colemans alibiPhilip vandyke beardand the fact that VanDykes magazine card reinforces the time that he said h e was with Coleman and the time that he clocked into his job. Arey and Jordan also had an opportunity to smear McGlothlins credibility by referring to evidence that he failed to mention in his opening argumentthe pry mark on the inlet, the broken fingernails on the victim but no scratches on Coleman, and that the substance found on the victim was soil, not coal dust, which had been on Colemans clothes.The defense counsel didnt refer to any of those facts. No scientific evidence was brought up, and it failed to respond to McGlothins statement that there was evidence that Coleman had in fact admitted to committing the crime. The opening statement was a complete confusion for Coleman. It started to raise questions inside of Coleman of whether his own defense lawyers thought he was guilty and therefore were not putting the time or effort in to sustain his innocence. In either case, his defense lawyers had presented a completely inadequate opening statement, and it left the jury with the feeling that Roger Coleman was guilty.In addition to failing to present a solid and influential opening argument, another major problem with the defense counsel was their extreme lack of preparation for the trial (their own witnesses and the states witnesses). Before the Coleman case, Terry Jordan had never tried a murder case, a rape case, any case involving blood or hair analysis or a criminal case of any kind that lasted more than one day (112). Being from Grundy, Jordan should have interviewed most if not all of the local witnesses, but that did not happen. He did not interview all of police officers that were investigating the crime nor did he interview Dr.McDonald, who was the first one to examine Wanda McCoys frame and who estimated her time of death. He did not interview Hezzie McCoy, Dr. Oxley (the doctor who performed the autopsy), or even Elmer Gist, who was the states blood and hair expert. In fact, Jordan cross-examination of Elmer Gist was solely base on Gists re port about hair comparisons and one on blood analysis. He had not read anything about blood or hair analysis, because if he had, he would have been more capable of performing an effective cross-examination of the states most crucialwitness.Terry Jordan also failed to cautiously examine the physical locations that could have led to Colemans innocence and acquittal. He never actually went inside the house where the murder took place, nor did he examine the door to see if there was any evidence of forced entry. He never examined the bathhouse where Coleman said his pants got wet from, and he did not go to the mine where Roger worked. The route that Coleman supposedly took that night was never gone over to see how long it took and to see if there was time for him to commit the crime given the pelf that he made prior to the murder. Jordan did not look for other witnesses who the state had not identified, and he did not ever ask for VanDykes time card, an essential piece of evidence. No photographs were taken at any point, making everything that was presented in court non-visual. Visuals would have made the defenses case overmuch stronger. Steve Arey had interviewed most of the same witnesses that Jordan interviewed, along with a couple other defense-alibi witnesses.The state was heavily favored in the case to begin with because of their experience in criminal cases, as opposed to the defense counsels lack of experience in such cases. As expected, Judge Persin ruled in favor of the state and Roger Coleman was sentenced to death. Many criminal cases are appealed after their conclusion, and this case was no different. The defense has thirty days to file a Notice of Appeal with the Court. The defense prepared their appeal and mailed it to the Court. However, the attorney generals office told the defense that they had filed the appeal one day late and that it would not be accepted. This was another huge mistake by the defense. Although a legal technicality should not be the cause for an innocent mans evidence to be withheld, the law specifically stated that a Notice of Appeal must be filed within thirty days of the Judge signing the order that rejected all of the defenses arguments. The defense had missed a crucial deadline and Roger Coleman would be punished because of it. The defense would not be able to go away the Court to listen to their case again and this would eventually lead to Colemans death.The fact remains that neither Terry Jordan nor Steve Arey conducted a thorough enough investigation to really present a strong case to oppose the prosecution. Roger Coleman was never really given a fair trial, and it ultimately led to his conviction and death. His lawyers failed to use the evidence that was available to get their client acquitted. Their inexperience and lack of motivation resulted in an innocent mans death. There were many opportunities for the defense counsel to question witnesses, to seek experts opinions on the forensic evidenc e, and to insert new evidence to support Roger Colemans case, but they did not do so. Jordan and Arey should have never been appointed as Colemans counsel, and that exclusively made Colemans chances of acquittal slim to none. Roger Coleman was never given a fair chance, even later on in the process before he was executed, however, his defense lawyers performed well below the standards that a man on trial for his life deserves. Their terrible mistakes and decisions led to the death of an innocent man.

A Marketing Plan for The London Aquarium

This document outlines a Marketing Plan for the capital of the United Kingdom fish tank. The latter is a suitable choice for such an exercise, as it has signifi dismisst untapped potential as a tourer attraction in the exaltedly competitive environment of our famous metropolis. The Marketing Plan surveys the environment, and tries to set about all seven divisors of the Marketing Mix to bear on strategy for achievement of specified objectives. The website of the London aquarium serves as the primary source of education for this Marketing Plan.The EnvironmentLondon has been a trail metropolis of the world for centuries. Its stature as the seat of the British Monarchy and of the Government is enhanced by leading positions in the worlds of finance, international trade, and tourism. The latter is most relevant for the London fish tank, which is the object of this exercise.The vast numbers of people from all parts of the world, who visit London as tourists every year, are the most important opportunity available for the London Aquarium. The city in like manner attracts signifi roll in the hayt numbers of domestic tourists. Future prospects are smart as Londons selection for the Olympics augurs well for a steady and growing inflow of tourist traffic.Adverse events in July 2005 have raised questions of security measures in London. However, city authorities and the national Government have taken a number of effective steps to contain the threat. There are many other cities in various countries that compete with London for tourist revenues and traffic. They probably pose a more business-like threat to the popularity of London as a tourist destination.The London Aquarium does not have the rich historical background of some better-known tourist attractions in the city. Neither does it have the devoted adjacent of some of the most famous annual sports events that are held here. The London Aquarium is privately owned, and therefore subject to more severe requireme nts in wrong of currency flows and the returns it must generate on investment. These are a few weaknesses from which it suffers, relative to other tourist attractions in London.The Aquarium has important advantages as well the mash of aquatic life attracts virtually everyone. Diverse animal forms can attract more than one visit by each person. Local residents are withal potential customers, apart from tourists. The London Aquarium has a convenient location, and is relatively easy to reach from any part of the metropolis.ObjectivesThe Objectives of the Marketing Plan that the London Aquarium may like to consider are1. To register an annual increase in the number of visitors which is not less than the change in tourist arrivals in the metropolis2. To increase the number of revenue lines by offering new services to visitors.3. To increase the awareness about the Aquarium in the public midpoint4. To correct visitor satisfaction and to respond positively to feedback and complai nts5. To build further on the quality and diversity of aquatic forms of life in the collection of the AquariumStrategyHow can the London Aquarium use its strengths and the opportunities of the tourist market to achieve the Objectives stated above? One possible approach would be to improve the Interactive Marketing experience. There should be incentives for past visitors to record their experiences and for potential visitors to visit the Aquarium at the next opportunity. This interactive strategy can get word applications in all seven elements of the marketing mix.ProductResponses from visitors on the Internets lament that the London Aquarium does not offer shows. The Aquarium website does mention educational activities, sort facilities, and hire of the site for private functions. The Aquarium could open its Animal Husbandry Department to the public, install digital kiosks that append information on the exhibits and conduct seminars and workshops throughout the peak tourist seaso n. Overall, there is scope for the Aquarium to shift focus from the tangible elements of its product, to enhancing visitor experience. Visitors should be able to stay in touch with the Aquarium the website should provide electronic newsletters and sponsor web logs.Internet sites show that some visitors miss marine mammals at the London Aquarium. The management should consider this concrete feedback on technical grounds. Video feeds can serve as an alternative if length constraints prevent the Aquarium from keeping aquatic mammals.PromotionThe London Aquarium ask to do more to spread awareness of its charms. It can copy the Euro rail example and use the international network of Travel Agents to make tickets to the site astray available. It would help if Tour Operators could have incentives to bring their clients to the Aquarium. Heathrow, Gatwick and hotels can all help to remind arriving visitors to include the Aquarium in their itineraries. Most tourists would sample fish and ch ips during their trips this is another(prenominal) innovative medium to use to remind people to drop in at the Aquarium. Feeds from the have web cameras should be on display at or near key transit points such as Oxford Circus and Kings Cross. Such displays would help at visa offices worldwide. Big Ben and other famous person attractions near the Aquarium can serve as magnets to bring visitors to the Aquarium in droves.The promotion element always requires a mass media element. Television and the bell ringer media have influential roles in determining how people spend leisure time in London. The Aquarium could arrange for media coverage of its educational activities, and offer feeds from its live(a) cameras.The promotion element should include the domestic and resident segments, apart from foreign tourists. The Aquarium can make a concerted attempt to draw in crowds from people who visit London from other parts of Great Britain, as well as from the large metropolitan population th at is always on the scout for new diversions.There is tremendous scope for the London Aquarium to promote its many attractions more extensively and persuasively. This is the single most important element on which the Aquarium can concentrate for short-term gains in the number of visitors.PriceIt should not cost almost $10 for a child to visit the Aquarium. The family legal injury of $50 probably keeps many people away. The Aquarium should consider staying open beyond 6 pm in summer and aim for drastic garishness growth. Pricing for large groups and for children needs review. The Aquarium can expand on its offerings of mementos to build a sufficient-fledged retail outlet, as well as to provide for catering. It should not count on ticket sales alone for revenue.PlaceThe basement of the County Hall is not enough for the London Aquarium to compete to its full potential. It should consider awarding franchises for independent operators to offer aquatic exhibits, using the London Aquar iums goodwill and expertise. The Aquarium has a wealth of knowledge on habitats. It also has unparalleled genetic resources. Many services and institutions in London that depend on tourism, can spread their overheads better by offering displays, exhibits and shows, nether the London Aquarium umbrella. The aspect of ticket sales covered under the promotion element earlier in this document has implications for distributions as well.Distribution, as with promotion, has high scope to improve the Aquariums volume of business. It can also change the nature of the enterprise, keeping the possibilities of high technology in view. The Aquarium can also benchmark its practices against famous hotel and food chains, and excel in franchise management. Such an approach will help the Aquarium leap over space constraints at its present location.PeopleIt may be that the London Aquarium depends mostly on biologists to run the enterprise. It will be useful to recruit or to outsource redevelopments Ma rketing expertise. The Aquarium may also wish to engage people trained in Interactive Marketing, to provide information to visitors and to guarantee that they all enjoy their visits. Operations should be seen from a marketing standpoint and not merely in technical grounds.ProcessVisits to the Aquarium, educational programs, private events, live web cameras, and the website are the main points of interaction between the institution and the international public. Each of these types of transactions can do with the benefit of process analysis, to strengthen home(a) Marketing. Employees will need both material resources as well as emotional support to make a success of the new strategy. The process element can ensure that the Aquarium arranges for such provisions comprehensively and affordably.Physical evidenceThe indoor location of the Aquarium is a constraint in terms of physical evidence. The Aquarium should try to build networks with the Zoo, Botanical Gardens, and authorities resp onsible for the Thames, to use outdoor locations and thereby improve the physical evidence element. This matter has also been discussed under the distribution element.ConclusionsThe vast size of the London market for tourism leaves scope for the London Aquarium to review its marketing strategies and to plan for a larger future. It has excellent material resources in terms of specimens and expertise. The Aquarium has kept abreast of cutting-edge digital technology, with a colorful and informative website, and with live web cameras. It can now upgrade and coordinate all seven elements of the marketing mix to provide an enriched and highly responsive experience for customers.The Aquarium should develop a Service Mission to enthuse its staff. All personnel should commit to the Marketing Plan Objectives. A pervasive determination to provide visitors with superior experiences, and to compete with other London attractions, will make a grand success of the new strategy.Works CitedAbout us, The London Aquarium, not dated, retrieved November 2005 http//www.londonaquarium.co.uk/about/index.html

Biblical Counseling

In the field of counselling, the primary considerations that those in the field who are practicing directly or indirectly entertain something to do with the previously held belief system, or the worldview or philosophy behind the nonion of human being behaviour. This goes to say that unmatchable who ventures into the bu criminalityess of bring rounding and curing emotions and mental problems essential(prenominal) get into a thorough understanding of his/her personal approach to the study of human behaviour.The prop cardinalnt seeks to explain human nature, the issue of sin or prbably emphasizing or reducing the Scriptural mandate and divinitys verdict (whichever side he/she is on), and which eventually dictates intervention strategies, if any. The basic counselling judgment common to or held by most psychologists increases the likelihood that the biblical understanding can be very challenging to get into, much less, practice. It is even hardy as to say that counselling i n whatever front is basically religious in nature because in the end, what is upheld or emphasized by the counselor expresses deep-rooted philosophy or religious beliefs.The papers assumption then is to provide an impetus that sells biblical counselling as superior, efficacious, and more magnetic than the psychology models t revealed today. It tackles the presuppositions of both psychology and biblical counselling and the arguments in each of the specific aspects that are recognizable as valid or invalid. Discussion centering in the field of psychology and biblical counselling At best, psychology prefers to integrate counselling from biblical perspective as well as become these with what is categorized as empirically tested techniques posited by psychologists.The basic way of doing the amalgamation or desegregation is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although some of the concepts and premises of each guess mentioned are sound and a t times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the mannikiner must give way to the latter. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that a practitioner is convinced with, expressly has better chances of powerful understanding the maladjustments that the client had been miserable.To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other lecture), the balance between the materialms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or devotion) are by rights considered. Thoroughly accepting the detail that at that place is no contest between the natural and the ghostlike except that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension between the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of delivery boy Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God.If a person puzzles to equate one self-importance a nd others with that notion (which is usually happening) and he/she starts to think that he/she is balanced, then this person surely lacks understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that he/she is deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why he/she needs second. Christian counseling admittedly embraces in humanity, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychologys scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals.Depending on the idea of the practitioner, e in particular whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or secular preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to k directly them. If all problems are at core spiritual matters we adoptt want to neglect the critically required re reference works available through the gentle by a wrong emphasis on psychological theory (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000).Dr. Crabbs position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and cure or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al. , 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in legion(predicate) other countries in new-fashioned years.Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved ones attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006). The acute crisis ev ent is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives.They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they charter lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an spry relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses.The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-run reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if workable. The management then is not impossible barely neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or conceptual ize that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications.It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in mentation patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring rail that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). Basic scriptural Counseling Premises View of human nature from psychological viewpoint Personality is more than poise, charm, or sensible appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses.However, to be more precise, the plain behavioral styles, perhaps, best captivate an individuals personality and how he/she is understood. With the antithetical behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various character istics is seen. Like a psychograph, a persons profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses (Corey 2005). Psychologists get along there is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. For them, it is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity.For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biological origins. Education about the adolescents mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents friends and family (Corey 2005). The major force or forces responsible for the origin and development of an individuals personality is best understood in the different perspectives. In the cognitive approach alone, it understands that an individual at varying times in his life has error-filled thinking patterns.These patterns may i nclude wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant quantity reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always leave with no choice as many people think.It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Cognitive-Behavioral approach facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist (Ellis & Beck in Corey, 2004). For the Cognitive Behaviorist viewpoint, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior.His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be reorganized. For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the cartroad of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). The systems theory portion of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not isolated but is a works part of a bigger context.In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when removed from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is specially focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individuals potential may lie dormant but that it is there wait ing to be ushered in time.It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are just waiting to be tapped not simply by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life. That Cognitive-Behavioral, Existential, humanistic & Family Systems eclectic approach primarily involves the incorporation of distinct concepts within a single framework. Human Suffering I. Origin of SufferingSuffering is one of the symptoms of this lifes abformity. If not for the revelation found in the rule book, there would be no other option but to accept the state of personal matters in life as it is. This means that since suffering has been a part of the history of humanity, it has to be accepted as part and parcel of a normal life. However, looking at it in a biblical perspective, alth ough suffering is part of the human existence in this world, the fact of the matter is it has not always been a part of life. It came into the picture only after the fall of the first couple Adam and Eve.The Bible is clear about this, as stated in Romans 512 and in many other passages found in the Blessed Writ. This biblical truth is important, foundational, and essential in dealing with many questions regarding suffering and in particular, as philanthropists and charitable organizations endeavor to alleviate suffering on the children of Africa. Presently, the bleak outlook being presented pertaining to African children today are presented in two potentially devastating outcomes which might happen as results of the already destructive current crisis. The first one is the prospect (according to researchers) of death by the millions.An organization which aims to help the suffering children of Africa has estimated that by the year 2025, an estimated number of people as enormous as 8 5 million may die because HIV/AIDS crisis (Blake, 2006). Second is, the necessary outcome which will take place as the direct result of the first children being orphaned because of the projected genocidal death toll at 2025. The same organization calculated that on that same year, 55 million children might have been orphans already. Nations and governments and charitable organizations have been mobilized ever since to help these human disasters and all of the possible ramifications.Although, evil as it manifests in many forms in life has been here already for centuries, and perhaps, as early as recorded histories could recall, the current crisis of AIDS in African continent is the most recent form of lashing. It has to be noted, lest the focus gets sidetracked to different issues which are at best symptoms of the real disease, that all of the troubles that have been irritable the existence of man on this planet are just necessary effects of sin and rebellion against God.It is to be noted though that it is never the tendency of this paper to aggravate the sufferings of African people by putting the blame on them or by making them feel worse than what they are now. As was stated early on, at the heart of this thesis is the objective to help by elucidating on the true predicament of mans existence by pointing out that which is biblical, or the biblical diagnosis on things. It really helps and better prepares the sick person to face his/her true condition by first properly diagnosing the illness.It doesnt help if the mind continues to be in a state of uncertainty and fear because it is sure of something which could be fatal. Also, it will not help keeping the real problem under the sheets, all along hoping that it will just leave by itself, because it will not. And so, the Bible is crucially significant in addressing the issue of evil and suffering. 1. ) Death Came As A Result Of Sin. Nothing threatens the prospect of a good life than the possibility of an imm inent death.A positive facial expression of life happy family, burgeoning business, and flourishing career is easily clouded by fear when suddenly something final as death comes into the scene. Death is seen as the ultimate because it can put a period on the otherwise happy and full of promise subsistence. One theologian explained the statement of Apostle Paul in Romans 512 in a way that points to sin as the real culprit why there are pain, sickness, and weakness in mans physical body. He said, in effect that, had it not been for Adams sin there would be no sickness in the world in the first place.Remember that death is the maturity of weakness and sickness in the body. All illnesses lead to eventual death. What the Bible is telling us about sickness, weakness, and any form of suffering endured in the body whether mental or physical suffering result inevitably to physical death. And the reality of death in this life was occasioned by the original sin of the first couple, Adam a nd Eve. Succeeding, generations after the first couple of humans, inherited sin as well as its product death (Duffield and caravan Cleave, 1987). It is also important to note that sin not only occasioned death, but it is its necessary outcome.The unanimous observation of many students of the Bible based on the communicative accounts as well as how it is described in certain passages of biblical books is that death is spiritual as also it is physical. The first time it hits humans, the first and agile effect was spiritual in that it did not resulted in the first couples physical death. This spiritual death is actually more devastating than physical death because it altered everything within the human frame that it has set into motion a strong pull towards wrong directions.First, it separated man from God. It is the reason why man cannot respond to the things of God. As a dead body has no capacity for any responses to its surrounding whatsoever because it is dead, so is a man who is physically alive but is spiritually dead. A person who is spiritually dead does not and cannot respond to God and the things of God. As one preacher said when told by a cynic among his audience that he doesnt feel the burden of sin in his life like what the preacher was trying to convey in his message.To that, the preacher wisely answered, As a dead couldnt feel a ton of garbage when placed on that body, so is the burden of sin to a spiritually dead person. Thats why when Apostle Paul elaborated to the Romans the depravity of man, he zoomed in to the fact that at present, because humanity has chosen to countermand God and the proof of it has affected all aspects of the human existence God also had to leave humanity alone in its decision to leave the reality of God out of its thoughts and actions. The total scenario is sobering especially when the Biblical perspective on this is considered.Its very easy and normal to leave God out of the picture, and its actually what people want essentially as it is looked at face value. Man has effectively abandoned God and has erased any traces of Him from the very start from the birth of a baby in a home where belief in God is optional at best, and as that baby developed into childhood, and as that child was reared in school (if opportunities for schooling was ever available, primary to college education), and eventually released to live life independently as an adult in a friendship whose culture ever since was godless.And the cycle goes on and on like a permanent process. Now, again, as pointed out early in this paper, all of these not so promising state of affairs can be tracked down back to Eden where life turned into a sudden shift (McArthur, 2008). Where there is spiritual death, the prospect of life is anything but imperfect and flawed everywhere. The original order of things has been altered, and its not human species alone that has been terribly affected by the Fall the totally creation has been groaning ever since (Rom. 822). 2.) Mans Separation From God Precipitated Suffering. The first manifestations of humanitys misery were quickly intelligible right after Adam and Eve violated Gods word to them. They, right then and there, realized their nakedness which before was not a cause of shame for them. What previously for them was just normal, and did not pose a problem, now they have trouble keeping it the way it was. They must cover their nakedness, and they must hide and keep themselves at a distance where they feel somehow hidden from God (Gen. 37-9).The fact that society disregards the reality of God in its system highlights the reality of spiritual separation. The cause for many of the troubles that history has witnessed since time immemorial was mans broken relationship with its Creator. It has been the reason from the start, and it still is until now. God spoke through Prophet Isaiah, that it was mans sin which has actually separated man from God (Isa. 592). Left alone, man naturally would not choose God, much less, His righteous ways as revealed by Him in the Bible.Contrary to what have been suggested by many considered pundits of humanities, and sadly, by many perform denominations through what has been now known as the seeker-sensitive approach in churchs services, man is not naturally inclined to seek God and the things of the Spirit of God. And so, under this goddamned condition, it is not supposed to surprise anybody who have searched and found in the Holy Scriptures that the world is in its current troubled state. Theres actually spiritual anarchy where every one is a rule unto himself. Every one does what he/she deems good in his/her perception of things.If it feels good, then probably, it is good. This is how man is running his life, and it translates into the overall landscape of society. Man sets the trend. What had been considered wicked of the past generation, if it is now palatable to the senses, and hence, has been slowly swallowed an d embraced as acceptable by the media and the general public, it becomes legal and normatively harmless. Therefore, in Pauls words, God in turn has abandoned man in his choice of abandoning the knowledge of his Creator. This is, to a large degree, the reason for many troubles and sufferings that nations and people have been seeing.If the Bible is true and it is this papers contention that it is the true truth then the unrestrained freedom and lifestyles which seem to describe the earths populace for a long period of time now, is actually a judgment of God. A preacher once answered those who cast all the blame on God in the wake of 911 tragedy in these words We have done all we could, and effectively, we got God out of our schools and government institutions, and now we are asking where He is in all of these? The coating of Scripture to human dilemma and the likeThe portion of Scripture where Jesus You have heard that it was said to those of old, making it appear that his stateme nts seem to remove the laws in the Old Testament replacing them with his new more authoritative teachings is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of Jesus true intentions. Jesus was actually convey back the true message of the Old Testament Law which was made vague by mere traditions of men and their own hazy and humanistic understanding. The Lord was pointing out to His audience the glosses that were made on Mosaic laws which made the ancient commands with minimal effectivity or worse, no efficacy.Jesus example and the Pharisees are insights that can be gleaned with emphasis on the application of principles of the Scriptures. A Christian easily becomes a legalist when his/her understanding of the Scriptures, like the Pharisees, is not based on the Scriptures intended application. There is only the possibility of communicating the proper boundaries within the set limits of the Scriptures when a Christian has grasped its clear and full implications (Clarke, 2001, Power Bible CD ).In the New Testament especially in the celebrated Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5-7), Jesus usually referred to Himself as the post. His declarations were not prefaced with Thus says the Lord. To His disciples, He says You have heard that it was said to those of old. . . but I say to you. . . . This clearly points to the authority on Jesus. This does not mean though that Jesus was subverting the authority of God, for He Himself was God in the flesh (Jn. 11-3,14) He was the second Person of the Trinity manifested in the flesh.One of the things that He was pointing out among others was the fact that the Pharisees of His day were in grave error following the traditions of their elders, and in this particular case, in their interpretation of many scriptures. Hence, He said, You have heard it was said. . . but now I say to you. . . . The apostles after Him followed suit. In all of their letters they derived authority from the words of Jesus. Their letters, to put it simply, were just el aborations of Christs teachings (Riggs, 2nd Ed. ) ConclusionEmbracing a more Biblical approach, becoming less philosophical and laden with such themes as the starkness of Gods sovereignty, the worlds being under Gods righteous judgment, Gods initiative in revealing Himself and His redemptive plan in Jesus Christ, are the essential tools that a Biblical counselor must possess in order to present the true condition of men and persuade him/her to change. The following characteristics then must be inculcated in a Biblical counselor 1. ) Lofty View of Holy Scriptures.This is to uphold the judgment of conviction of the reformers about the Word of God and endeavor to clarify any theological subjects in the light of the revelation that is in the Bible. Like many effective pastors or counselors, the Bible alone is authoritative for life in general. It is the rule of faith for Christians, like a solid and strong immovable post in a pier where the anchor of the ship is fastened securely. The Word of God is the object of the Christians faith. Its not of course a matter of God versus His Word. The entire Holy Scriptures derived its authority from God.But since it was God who spoke them, Scriptures therefore are without question normative and authoritative. The Scriptures are the touchstone on which all so-called traditions, existential experiences, and reasonings must be tested. When any of these are found contrary to Gods revealed will in the Scriptures, they can be discarded without any scruple for the true church of Christ. According to Barth (McCormack, 1995), to interpret and apply the Bible properly, one must observe certain basic rules. And one of the basics is that the interpreter must subject himself/herself to the authority of the Bible.What is the central theme of the passage? What is its subject matter? The proofreader then has to subordinate his thoughts and his personal convictions to the revelation that God has provided for us in His Word the Bible. In f act, the ultimate goal of the counselor is to develop and establish the counselee for a dependence on Gods word. The readers humble subjection of self to the wisdom of the Scriptures was his exercise of freedom. The result of this continual subordination is transformation. The interpreter is being transformed in the process of grasping what God has revealed.2. ) Dynamic Application of Biblical Truths. To be reverent and true to Biblical revelation, one needs not to confine himself to the lingo of the ancient cultures through which the Biblical narratives and the actual words of the prophets were written. The reader and interpreter can speak the ideas conveyed through ancient cultures in contemporary ways. Its not insubordination to teach the Bible thus. In fact, its the whole point of hermeneutics to bridge the wide cultural gap. To be unimaginative in ones handling of the Scriptures is tantamount to parroting mere words.There has to be fresh application if there will be change. La ck of imagination is sometimes proof of not being influenced or shaped by the ideas read. Readers have to engage and act mentally with the passages of the Bible so that a fruitful meditation would express itself in lively and engaging discourse. 3. ) Christocentric (Christ-Centered). Jesus Christ is the primary theme of the whole Scriptures. It has been mentioned above that to Barths high view of the Bible, it was necessary for the interpreter to subordinate him/herself to particular texts subject.And since, Jesus Christ is the central theme of the Bible, it is necessary to interpret Biblical passages in the light of His person. Jesus Christ is the unifying subject in all of the books of the Bible. But looking at Luke 2427-45, and realizing that it was Jesus Himself who first advocated this methodology, it thus comes as a necessity to find the Christ in every passage of Biblical books or at the least, sense a foreshadowing (in the Old Testament) of His coming redemptive sacrifice. Jesus alone can give unity among scriptural texts. 4. ) Passage-Based Interpretation.Karl Barth (McCormack, 1995) believes that although interpreters often bring with them their presuppositions as they approach the text, the slip of using the Biblical text as vehicle to transmit ones belief, can be avoided through the interpreters direct encounter with the objective truth as found in the biblical passage. The real meaning or intention of the author of the text is objectively separated from the interpreter. And so, to properly apply exegetical work on the passage, a serious examination of historical background, and serious study of the texts linguistic composition must be considered thoroughly.5. ) Bound By True Churchs Essential and Classic Teachings. Like Apostle Paul, a counselor then must also believe that s/he is just a recipient of essential Christian teachings (1 Cor. 1123-26). It would be sinful for him/her to doubt nor innovate on established biblical truths. Reference Atki nson, R. L. , R. C. Atkinson, E. E Smith, D. J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. New York Harcourt College Publishers. Clarke, Adam (2001). Commentary to Matthew. Power Bible CD. Corey, Gerald (2004).Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald (200). The Art of Integrative Counseling. Article 29 Designing an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice Retrieved February 20, 2009 in http//counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas04/29. pdf Crabb, Larry (2000). Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http//books. google. com/books? id=Rn- f2zL01ZwC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb +critique&source=web&ots=WFVYLIqP1n&sig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14 PPA19,M1Davison, Gerald C. and conjuration M. Neale (2001). Abnormal Psychology. Eighth ed. John & Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert (2001. Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors New Directions for Rational E)motive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb (1994). Kaplan and Saddocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore Williams and Wilkins. MacArthur, John (2008). Abandoned By God. Date Accessed February 19, 2009. http//www. gty. org/Resources/Transcripts/45-14 McCormack, Bruce L. (1995).Karl Barths Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology. Published by Oxford University Press Inc. , New York. Pokrifka-Joe, Todd (2002). Appropriating Karl Barths Theological Use of Scripture in Contemporary Theology. Proposed Doctoral Thesis in Theology at the University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK. Date Accessed February 17, 2009 at http//www. luthersem. edu/ctrf/Papers/2001_Pokrifka-Joe. htm Riggs, Ralph. The Life of Christ. 2nd ed. Scripture Quotations from New King pile Bible (The Holy Bible, New King James Version. 1982). Thomas Nelson, Inc.

Design a computer system for a video hire shop Essay

I suck noticed that keeping customer records on paper mint be time consuming and neither practical or easy to use. The aim of this project is to create a database for a company or an organization I soak up chosen Vinnies moving-picture shows. My database lead include customer information to make organization and customer relations simpler the naked as a jaybird system entrust be more practical. An electronic database will make life easier as it will be superior to a card weft system and will ransom time and money. A computer system is better than the old card filing method for many reasons.Example, searches can be carried out instantly or else than many manual records being waded through, customer information for a hundred people can be copied almost instantly to a standard letter. Vinny will be able to keep customer information lists, detailing contact information, stats on the customers videos, lists of regular jobs that train to be performed i. e. check who has videos ou t in set up that notices can be sent using mail merge. This will help Vinny keep up to data and on top of customer relations and business.A search function for my database will make it simple for letters detailing special offers which be customer specific to be sent out easily. later considering the pros and cons of the two systems I have decided that it is definitely more practical to use a computer system all over a card filling system. Strengths and Weaknesses of current system Vinny currently has a very primitive filling system, It has a lot weaknesses. It takes a long time to find records, as they argon stored in a filling cabinet.When editing a record you must remove the entire card and rewrite it, it is time consuming to add new records. To re-sort the records would take a very long time as it would obviously have to be done manually. To search for information is too time consuming, specially if you are looking for a number of customers with similar records for some pur pose. However the database is comprehensive and does contain all the records necessary. What I need to do is design and makes a new database with all the information from the old one transferred into it.There are also a number of programs that I could consider using, they are Microsoft word, Microsoft excel or Microsoft access. I will need to use a database creation package like MS Access, Fox Pro, DBASE II or IV or Borland Database venturer to create my database tables, queries, forms, reports and macros easily and also program them with the Visual Basic programming script to make my database into a professional running program. According to the exploiter requirements MS Access is the best one also because it is mostly familiar to people.I will need a word processing package like MS Word, Notepad, WordPad and Word Perfect. MS Word is the best one to use because you can use word art and insert pictures or write screens into the document and also is mostly used by people. Hardware needed I need a computer that can run Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word just in case I need to use the mail merge. For this I will use a QWERTY keyboard for the manual input of data and the commands for the computer. I will need a mouse or trackball to design the database forms, to navigate the GUI of the OS and to move copy and paste data.I will need to use a 31/2 inch floppy disk and drive or a CDRW disk and drive in order to save my database and to make backups of my database. I will only use a CDRW if the database exceeds 1. 38-1. 44 MB. CDRWs can hold from 500-700 MB of information. I will need a printer to print out the design of my database of for word documentation of the database. The system should have at least 300 MHZ hard drive speed, and 5 GB memory, it should have at least a 128 MB RAM. Problem1 a system management to put the videos in order Form of output a databaseInformation to be output video title, video director, main actor, year released, length and genre, ho w many copies are available and how many are on loan. Data needed to claim the output video title, video director, main actor, year released, length and genre, which will be provided by Vinny. Desired outcomes and performance criteria It has to be sorted so you can see a certain type of genre or year. Testing To see if all the correct records are in the right query. Problem 2 needs a system to store all the members names and addressesForm of output a database Information to be output name, address, user number, telephone. Data needed to prepare the output name, address, user number, telephone. This is provided by Vinny. Desired outcomes and performance criteria members details available so we can contact them if needed. Testing not needed Problem 3 I dont have a system to see who has what video checked out and who has videos that are over due. Form of output database Information to be output name, user number, video rented, date taken out, date due backData needed to produce the o utput name, user number, video rented, date taken out, date due back. This will be provided by Vinny, anyone that rents a new video will be entered into the database. Desired outcomes and performance criteria a list to see which videos are on loan. When somebody rents a video out all I want to have to do is click on the film name and type their name in. The rental time allowance will be 3 days and mechanically entered Testing see if the people who have taken a video out have a book due on the database Analysis of Strategies for rilievo and Security.The system will be backed up on CD-RWs daily and on hard disk drives and a server. The database will have an encrypted adaptation war cry and it will be write-protected so it cannot be deleted. If a staff member needs to access the database to modify it, then a staff password is needed. It will not open until the password is correct Information Flow Error Checking To ensure that the information is correct the staff will send the member s an billhook with their details they have inputted and attached is another form to fill in the correct information and then collect it and update the database.For the videos the staff will do daily checks on the database to see any obscure looking information in the database and will edit this info by getting the video and re-entering the video data again. Or the staff will do two copies of information identical to each other because the information will be inputted twice and if they are not identical then one or the other or both are changed with the correct information. Skills The user is a competent pc user and will not need any sort of training, he would like it to be user friendly though, so if any new staff join, it will be easy to pick up.

My First Day in College

My first day in College On August 27, 2012, I began my first day at Petrocelli College. The morning was sunny and warm. I was fill with anticipation. I met my best friend from high school, Nathalie, at the bus stop. We both enquire what our first day would be like. My first day in College was overwhelming because of the excitement, stress and future outlook. I experience excitement. A new beginning is forever exciting. For example, I was becoming independent and responsible for making my own decisions.I now have to pay for my college expenses by a work study job. I was to a fault excited to see some students from my high school. For instance, my friend Richard is in all my classes. In addition, I was enthusiastic to meet my new professors and learn about the subjects I was going to be studying throughout the semester. I also experience stress throughout the day. For example, the costs of the books and the bus fare for commuting. In other words, I didnt have enough money to pay it. I was struggling making new friends.Related reading Monash College MoodleIm a shy psyche and when it comes to socializing I get stressed out. I was confused with my schedule I had excessively much time between classes. I was thinking too much on what I was going to do on those long breaks. In addition, my future outlook became focused. For example, I realize attending College was the first dance step I was taking to accomplish my future goals. I enjoy math and want to become an accountant. Majoring in business and accounting would ensure that I pass on earn a well paying salary.Therefore, I would be able to financially help my family, and to begin studies to earn a masters degree. In conclusion, the excitement, stress and future outlook made my first day in college overwhelming. Beginning a new chapter in life initiate my day with excitement. just the financial, social and academic stress disturbs me during the day. It wasnt only my first day in college it was also my first ste p in becoming an accountant and preparing my future.

Brave New World & human story

The mass Brave New World by Aldous Huxley begins describing the tour of the condition Centre and the Central London Hatchery. Huxley writes that in the year of Our Ford 632 rational systems of inn organizing were very popular. The birth process seemed to be mechanized and, moreover, strict societal hierarchy dominated, and the different societal casts were condition from the very start of their lives to accept their destiny of either rich or poor. Repression and persecution werent observed as both people followed the laws and orders set by governmental apparatus of security state.Huxley assumes that population was biologically bent and chemically conditioned from the birth. The first two chapters of the book ar devoted to walkthrough of this human factory. The pen is ordaining to make people understand better the technical foundation of society and to provide the background for drama to proceed in the future. Huxley assumes that people freely rejected their history, maturity a nd autonomy in order to become oppressed by technologies which were gradually destroying their capacities to think. The third chapter continues setting the head for drama and provides overview of different viewpoints.This chapter is important as the author introduces the main characters. The book is a human story centered on the destiny of Bernard Marx. Marx is shown as a person who isnt suited restricted and fully controlled pacified world. Marx has other ideas about societal order and he doesnt want to be similar to others. disrespect the fact that Bernard is Alpha meaning he belongs to the highest hierarchical level, he doesnt seem to be content with the order. Marx decided to take Lenina for vacation at a Reservation in New-Mexico. Lenina is a woman with strong belief of status quo.Lenina and Marx get acquainted with a young man named barbaric. Savage return to elegant society with Marx and Lenin and the rest of the book is devoted to illustrating how Savage is trying to enc ounter with civilization. The author often refers to satirical devices to increase the intensity with the story progression. Moreover, metaphors in the book seem to be extreme for example, the author describes that people have to make the sign T and to refer to their deity as Our Ford. Further, we see that Huxley describes Savage as sympathetic character.For example, his mother is extremely unhappy and dies when returning to civilization and we will sorry seeing Savages despair. With book progression the author links Bernard Marx with the corrosive forces of civilization. For example, Marx displays his true essence when he decided to bow to the World Controllers will. Nevertheless, Marx is the only character in the book who seems to be pitied, even though his choices are always shaped by society. Lenina is the pawn of Fordian society, and he relations with Savage seem to have no perspective because society assembled its own perspective for her future.One more interesting character i n the book is Mustapha Mond who is the Resident World Controller for Western Europe. Mond is educated as Savage and likes yarn Shakespeare. Mond often exhort Savage arguing You cant play Electro-Magnetic Golf according to the rules of Centrifugal Bumble-puppy. (p. 194) In such a way the author manages to present grotesque character to eradicate fully the sense of happiness. Huxley worries about human state of mind and decided to put the sense of happiness into materialistic paradigm.Sense of happiness is a method of control aimed at justifying as what population wants. Huxley clearly shows that technologies would change and destroy everything humane. Huxley underlines that there is no way out of existing system which will distort human characters. The book is very interesting, sharp and unrelenting in its satirical depictions. The book has endured because the author depicted in details the order in totalitarian state and showed that technologies would yield full control of biology . References Huxley, Aldous. (2001). Brave New World. New York Voyager Classics.

Progression In The Learning Of Addition And Subtraction Education Essay

IntroductionThis assignment entrust locution into the patterned go far along in the discipline and acquisition of add and negatively charged from babys room to twelvemonth 4 sing the understanding diagram , notional accounts for summation and minus, oral/ cordial and pen mode actings, resources utilize, larning facts and the utilizing and applying/problem doing revealing order.One manner that kids hold in ab prohibited paraphernalia is through practical experience. In tellurian life people be adding by uniting 2 or more sets of objects. The same force out be said for minus. Children learn that by taking a peculiar act of objects from a aggroup it ever leaves the same numeral of objects eg. 4-1 is ever 3. This is the manner kids foremost learn about add-on and minus. For many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) an(prenominal) kids, they begin to understand the construct of adding when learn get word vocals in their early instruction. It is re anyy of afte rmath to put out kids with good practical experiences in tell apart to assist them larn. It is as well as critical to pattern the right linguistic communication so the kids themselves are open to get it. This gives them a good foundation as they trend farther through the instruction system.Whilst kids are in a Nursery scene or a Reception category they will be following the Early classs Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) papers. within this papers there are 6 countries of acquisition. The country of larning concentrating on the development of mathematical accomplishments is called Problem Solving, reason out and Numeracy. Within that country there are specific countries sing add-on and minus. Once kids write in code Year 1 they will be following the National Curriculum. Although this is the statutory papers instructors frequently use the firsthand National Strategies papers to be after and present lessons. This papers breaks down the aims of the National Curriculum to offer a mor e focused attack to learning and acquisition.Early Old agesThe instruction of add-on and minus in a babys room scene is based on mundane state of affairss and practical activities. Counting vocals is a common manner of reenforcing Numberss and presenting simple add-on and minus. For illustration, five small ducks. This is a good illustration of a manner that simple add-on and minus is introduced and reinforced in a nursery scene. The kids shortly learn that 5 take off 1 is 4, that 4 take off 1 is 3 etc and that 0 add 5 is 5. The right linguistic communication end be modelled so the kids learn what linguistic communication to utilize when they do activities for themselves. Games are as well a good manner of presenting or reenforcing add-on and minus. Some games are non needfully made for add-on and minus but it brush off be encouraged. When meddling the kids to compare the sum of Numberss each of them has, by inquiring the kids inquiries, How many more do you hold? , How many le ss do you hold? . The kids will be working with little Numberss and will shortly be able to state how many less they have merely by hearing the two Numberss rather of holding to number them. Simple boundaries within the schoolroom are another manner of promoting the usage of add-on and minus. Where merely a certain sum of kids are allowed in each country at a cut down and the kids have to maintain path of how many there should be, how many less or how many more?The foundation phase introductory battalion offers thoughts for activities for the different countries of larning set out in the EYFS. When looking at add-on and minus in a Nursery puting the papers offers activities for comparing two groups of objects, demoing that when you rupture a group of four the sum is the same and happening the entire number of objects in two groups. Each of these activities uses corporeal objects in order to line of battle the mathematical regulation. They use resources such as the figure lin e, plastic coins and serpents. For immature kids in peculiar good resources are indispensable in order to go after the kids and efficaciously learn them about add-on and minus.In the response papers activities for looking at presenting jobs such as how many will at that place be when peerless more .. ? , promoting the kids to state the figure that is one more than a addicted figure and giving chances for kids to happen one more or less than a figure up to 10s are offered. Again, merely as in the babys room, each of these activities inculpates physical experiences and the activities are games to learn and reenforce the mathematical regulations for these facets of add-on and minus.Although the chief papers for Nursery scenes and Reception is the EYFS the native Framework wants to advance the facet of utilizing and using mathematics. The utilizing and using mathematics strand has five subjects with patterned advance being built into each subject from the foundation phase right u p to twelvemonth 6. The cardinal subdivisions of using and using in the National Curriculum programmes of survey are straight related. Within the foundation phase, within the work outing jobs subdivision it states that kids will be utilizing their developing mathematical thoughts and methods so they discount to work out practical jobs. therefore, any jobs they are given related to add-on and minus they will be able to work out given their anterior cognition.Year 1- Year 4From Year 1 to twelvemonth 4 it becomes more in deepness and references add-on and minus specifically. For Year 1 kids they will be looking at assorted jobs to make with adding and deducting and work outing jobs in the subject of money and measurings. This promoter that a batch of the concrete experiences they have will be based around stores in their component play country in order to give the kids a more existent experience of amount money and holding to make add-on or minus within those scenarios. Year two is oftentimes the same merely with the add-on of holding to multiply and split utilizing the topic of money and measurings. Year 3 is a little measure up from this with the kids holding to take which computations to utilize and to transport them out themselves. Therefore they moldiness make up ones mind whether it is right to add, deduct, split or multiply. Year 4 is non overly different merely they will be larning how to utilize reckoner methods where appropriate.When kids have to work out jobs or they are asked to follow a line of question , they will be demoing their thoughts, utilizing Numberss, symbols or diagrams. They will besides be involved in think and foretelling and pass oning those consequences, either orally or in authorship.The understanding diagram put frontward by Haylock and Cockburn, shows the different facets of mathematical acquisition that are compulsory in order for a kid to be competent and confident in this country. One of the major parts of the dia gram is concrete experiences. The instructor needs to finish undertakings themselves and utilize a scope of resources in their instruction. By making such activities it enables the kids to better retrieve what they have been taught as they are able to confrere it to a physical memory. It besides allows the kids and the instructor to prosecute in duologue more easy. During these activities it is besides of spell for the instructor to mode the linguistic communication they want the kids to take on and to utilize the right symbols themselves to promote the kids to make the same.Written and oral/mental methods for add-on and minus are another two of import facets of mathematical development.An indispensable portion of maths work is unwritten and mental. Early practical, unwritten and mental work, that is carried out in the foundation phases, is the footing for offering kids the chance to construct on their cognition of add-on and minus for numbering attacks and a good apprehension of topographic get value. Subsequently on their instruction kids must be able to recognize how these map s relate to each other and how the regulations mass be used and applied. Oral and mental work is non merely roughlything to be used in the beginning of instruction but must be continued to supply pattern and consolidation of these thoughts. Children must be given the chance to use the study they have learned and to do the correct determinations for themselves. To be able to envision mentally needs an apprehension of figure forms and relationships that are developed through inquiring, by utilizing certain theoretical accounts and using the cognition of Numberss. Children must hold the ability to remember figure facts immediately in order to cipher mentally. In twelvemonth 2 this would be the add-on and minus regulations up to 10. For twelvemonth 3 it would be sums and differences of multiples of 10 and for twelvemonth 4, the generation facts up to 1010 . There must besides be an ability to utilize taught schemes in order to work out the computation. For illustration, in twelvemonth 1, to be able to understand that you can get down add-on amounts with any figure and utilize the information to make mental computations of one or two-digit Numberss. To be able usage different methods for partitioning two-digit Numberss in twelvemonth 2 and in twelvemonth 5, to be able to apply mental methods in item instances . Finally the ability to utilize and use the regulations of mathematics. For illustration, to be able to execute mental computations of add-on and minus, of one and two-digit Numberss ( twelvemonth 3 ) .The written methods for add-on come in 4 phases and the purpose is that kids are able to utilize the mental methods where they can but when they ca nt make computations in their caput. They can utilize an in force(p) written method accurately and with assurance. Children need to cognize at least one efficient written method for add-on that they feel c onfident utilizing if they ca nt make the computation in their caput. The undermentioned phases show how the kids are able to construct up to utilize an appropriate written method for adding whole Numberss by the clip they finish twelvemonth 4.In order for the kids to add successfully they need to cognize some basic accomplishments which are to recall all add-on braces to 9+9 and regards in 10 , to add mentally a series of one-digit Numberss , to add multiples of 10 or of 100 utilizing the related add-on fact and to be able to utilize different slipway of partitioning two and three-digit Numberss every billet good as their cognition on topographic point value.Stage one of the written methods involve the usage of the empty figure line. Children need to be able to divide Numberss in different ways instead than ever into 10s and 1s to assist them add in stairss in order to do multiples of 10. The empty figure line is a manner of assisting them to enter their stairss when ciphering the sum.Phase 2 involves partitioning so that mental methods can be recorded. The 10s and 1s are added to organize partial amounts and those partial amounts are added together.The 3rd phase is the grow method in columns where the kids move on to a layout that shows the add-on of the 10s and the 1s individually. As kids become more confident they can get down by adding the 1s instead than the 10s. This method leads kids to a more compact method.The 4th and concluding phase is the column method. In this method, there is even less entering to make. The carried figures are noted at a lower place the line, either in 10s or in 100s and non in 1s. This can be made more ambitious. The kids can travel on to add more complex Numberss of different Numberss of figures.The written methods for minus come in three phases. The purpose is the same as for the written methods of add-on and once more the phases show how the kids are able to construct up an efficient method for deducting two or three -digit whole Numberss by the clip they finish twelvemonth 4. In order to be able to deduct successfully the kids should cognize the figure facts for add-on and minus to twenty, subtract multiples of 10 utilizing the related minus fact and their cognition of topographic point value and divider Numberss into multiples of one, 10 and one hundred in legion ways.Phase one, merely as in add-on involves the usage of the empty figure line, which helps the kids to record and subsequently explicate the stairss they haven taken in their mental minus. After the kids have practiced this method for a piece they wo nt necessitate to enter as much information. They will necessitate to make up ones mind whether to number back or up. It is utile to inquire the kids if numbering up or back is better for certain computations. When numbering up from little to big Numberss mentally it can be recorded by utilizing figure lines or in columns. The kids will necessitate to be able to, when covering with tw o-digit Numberss, to cipher the replies mentally. If the kids are able to work out the replies they do nt necessitate to execute as many stairss when they are working with three-digit Numberss. The numbering up method is a good option for those kids whose advancement is slow.Phase 2 involves partitioning. Partitioning can be used to compose tantamount minus amounts that can so be performed mentally.The 3rd and concluding phase is expanded layout. The column method is mirrored by partitioning the Numberss into 1s and 10s and so composing one under the other. This parallels the method for add-on instead so being straight linked to any mental methods. This besides relies on secure mental accomplishments.DecisionChildren construct on their anterior cognition to come on with their mathematical accomplishments. They all start with practical experiences and changeless exposure to add-on and minus. All kids need to develop sound mental accomplishments in order to develop their written accom plishments. They have to larn the basic regulations for add-on and minus to come on with the written methods.