Oceanography

List the potential impacts of LFA Sonar on cetaceans , using the sideline two Web putsNational Academy Press (NAP ) Web site for the publication Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound ( HYPERLINK javascript :openPop http /books .nap .edu /books /6X /html /index .ht ml http /books .nap .edu /books /6X /html /index .html . aim the Executive sum-up and IntroductionOcean Mammal Institute (OMI HYPERLINK javascript :openPop http /www .oceanmammalinst .org http /www .oceanmammalinst .org . Read LFA : Cause for Concern , by Marsha L . GreenEven if not unless fully investigated , LFA Sonar most probably has several operose impacts on cetaceans as well as on on the whole other marine organisms These impacts includeAvoidance behavior leads to changes in titan teemingness and distributions , population dynamics , reproductive behavior , migration routesHigh noise levels rationality a care of feeding , breeding , nursing parley between individualsContinuous stress due to chronic noise ikon in both physiological and psychological mannersHigher vulnerability to diseases , parasites , predators , collisions with ships , stranding on shoal-water coastsImpairment or even loss of hearingIn the worst case very(prenominal) extravagantly go intensities can even cause channelise injury or death by e .g . tissue trauma or lung hemorrhageNow answer the next two questionsWhale and mahimahi beaching is an oft-observed behavior . Animals swim into shallow water so farthest as to be trapped on beaches , where they may be asphyxiated resulting from their inability to expand their lungs . They are often so promiscuous and disoriented that they cannot return to deeper water . How might sound contribute to or cause this behaviorSound may cause whale and dolphin beaching in a multifactorial way by nature , whales use sound ( singing and hearing ) as their major sense . Acoustically they find their food and their families , they sense risk of exposure or obstacles , they communicate and orientate via acoustic signals , etc .

Having this in look , it is obvious that any unusual sound-environment is stress and causes massive disturbance in a whale s life . Whales tend to butt dodging behavior from intense sound devices . This behavior in combination with a disturbed orientation and eventual stress- and /or panic reaction often leads the animals into shallow waters and prevents them from locomote to deeper waters . They are often too stressed and weak to escape from their trap and finally strand and die on the beach . In addition to the described stress , high sound intensities can also lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss or impairment which may not allow the animals to properly orientate and avoid shallow watersAt what sound intensities do cetaceans begin to exhibit avoidance behaviorIt has been shown that white-haired whales begin to avoid sound when its intensity is 110dB or high . At intensities of 130dB over 80 of the observed gray whales showed avoidance behavior . Other studies showed that Bowhead whales react to a trustworthy level of 115 dB and hunchback whales moved apart 2-3 times faster from a 120dB sound source than they did from a less noisy oneGo to Table 1 .1 in HYPERLINK javascript :openPop...If you fatality to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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