Doing Business in Europe, Asia and the Americas Research Paper

Doing Business in Europe, Asia and the Americas - seek Paper ExampleTypically, these consisted independent operations in the handle of an expatriate. In its proliferation, the facilitation of information flow prompted the trigger of offshore headquarters which functioned isolate of the local core group (Barber, J. P. 2002, pp.1-5). However, these international structures had about one three of the offshore venture in the form of sh atomic number 18d ownership (Casseres 2006, p. 4).What firms manifest these days is cognizant of the ball-shaped outlook. Less variediation is placed on the local operations vis-a-vis the international division. Strategic structures pocket authority and responsibleness to the central domain, without the former single line authority in force, rather a multiple lines responsibility (Barber, J. P. 2002, pp.1-5). Sheer size is given importance in the new corporate international strategy (Egelhoff 1988, p. 1-14).These firms leave similar and complimenti ng features, when combined can operate more(prenominal) competently. They are alike because each is an industry exposure that spells out of a history of corporate prestige. In the same way these firms compliment, having pursued a different market position in product lines such as novelty brands Oreo cookies over dairy milk coffee tree. Cadbury and kraft paper supplement one another in geographical footprint, thus distribution lines are less redundant, if not broadened (Beaudin, 2010). In the context and analysis of industry, a pair of firms can operate more competently when combined. In fact, dissimilar capabilities are often synchronized in the manufacture of opposite goods (Casseres 2006, p. 8-12). Acquisitions improve efficiency by seizure of synergies between firms (Crosoni, Gomes, McGinn, & Noth 2004, p.481-512).When put together, Cadbury-Kraft becomes an industry powerhouse. Both sum up an peerless portfolio of tremendous potential (The Independent 2010, sc. 2-4). The lon g term forecast revenues are estimated at a narrow annual 5% upward trend in revenues and company growth at 9-11%. On its own, Kraft revenues rises at about 4% with company growth of 7- 9%. A prolonged growth in revenues determines annual cost savings of $625 million (Value Expectations 2010, sc. 1-3). It is argued that such transformation creates big economies of scale higher and larger geographical markets (Lambrecht 2000, p.1-4).The takeover is meant to reshape market competition, imposing influence on emerging markets. The industry for chocolate and sweets is quite gaping and loosely split between international conglomerates Mars, Wrigley, Kraft, Hershey, Ferrero and Nestl (Beaudin 2010, sc. 1-4). By the acquisition of Cadbury, Kraft assumes to squash rivalry by the bundle of capabilities (Casseres 2006, p. 8-12). In other words, the industry turns out to be less warring and too concentrated (Crosoni, Gomes, McGinn, & Noth 2004, p.481-512). And why global shares are expected to rise by 5% points from the estimated 20% holding for both firms (Value Expectations 2010, sc. 1-3). Takeovers can reduce production costs at minimal or sequel in

PERSONAL REFLECTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PERSONAL REFLECTION - Essay ExampleThe course change magnitude my ability to lead a workforce in an organization, especially based on an engineering milieu for which I have a background. The course content opened me to think about my personal panache of leadership. Based on what I unwrapt, I recognize that my philosophical approach to leadership can be described as laissez-faire a rather laid back approach that dwells on adequate to(predicate) information supply but indirect involvement in the affairs of an entity. The leadership style bestows combining on otherwise members of staff and provides feedback on a regular basis, commending and criticizing staffs based on their performances (Famiza, Kassim and Nasharudin, 3).My nature of leadership could develop further through adoption of more technology-guided means of data acquisition for timely insurance coverage of information. I deem I need to get more acquainted with more social media platforms and unify email and virtual communication forums such as Skype into the regular reporting schedule. I feel I have inadequate knowledge of how best some of the platforms can be of use, and Ill seek to learn this within a short time frame.I further realized that my notion of leadership lacked empathy, and I could often treat workers like people who cannot be allowed to fail at times. Upon attending the course, I realized that being empathetic creates room for quality reasoning, and helps me relate the events in other peoples lives to my own. I have learnt various qualities of good and bad leadership, and how each style could affect both relationships with staff members and customers and eventually affect the goals of the company. For instance, autocratic leadership leads to low staff morale, and affects both output and attitude towards customers. On the other hand, participative leadership allows input from all members, thereby ensuring that inclusivity is enhanced. I

Organizational Communication Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizational Communication Master - canvas ExampleThe former is a branch of sharing information and understanding between two lot or a small group the latter makes use of systems to share information and understanding with salient number of battalion. Both type of communication occur at all level within an organization, with people outside the organization, and between organizations. Organization learning focuses on the way people make sense of their experiences at fly the coop. The aim of organizing is to enable people to relate other and to work together for a common purpose. The organized group of people in a collective sense is known as organization. (Yvonne 129)Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work more effectively together in accomplishing objectives. (Yvonne 149)(b) Facilitates Organizing - Communication facilitates organizing functi on of management by providing information to the highest degree the duties, responsibilities, authority, relationships, positions and jobs. Delegation and decentralization of authority is accomplished in an organization.(c) Facilitates Directing Function- Communication facilitates directing function by providing proper interaction between and their subordinates and between members of work groups. It improves superior-subordinate relationships by promoting exchange of ideas and information between them continuously.(d) Facilitates irresponsible Function - Communication facilitates controlling function by providing feedback of actual performance against planned targets. In an organization, effective communication facilitates in promoting innovation as well as control and coordination.(e) Facilitates Decision-Making- Communication facilitates decision devising by providing the required information needed. The quality of decision made in an organization depends largely on the amount and quality of information available to the decision maker. (Kathryn)(f) Facilitates co-ordinating - Communication facilitates coordinating by providing proper upward, downward(prenominal) and horizontal interaction between members of different departments or sections at all levels of authority.(g) Helps the Process of Motivation

How do the Bankers Bonuses Affect the Investment Behaviour Research Paper

How do the Bankers Bonuses Affect the Investment Behaviour - Research Paper exampleThe concerns and the perception have changes and numerous controversial ideas have changed the bankers bonuses ideologies significantly. Therefore, the investigate aims at identifying and analyzing the effects of bankers bonuses to the banking investment especially in relation to the performance of the banks. The main aim of the bonus banking is to balance long-term and short-term value creation and satisfying accountability of the stakeholders with the intent of attracting, retaining, and motivation talent. However, what is the underlying reality of this motivational system The research shall answer this concern by seeking theresponse to the following question In the journal, Bankers sacrifice structure and Risk, John Thanassoulis addresses the contrasting problems facing the banks and bankers. According to Thanassoulis, these contrasting banking problems are embedded in the free-enterprise(a) la bor market where the banks are seeking best talents. Additionally, Thanassoulis notes that banks often use various motivation efforts that deepen with the remuneration. However, the introduction of the remunerations motivations makes banks risk shifting problems by creating incentives that will only inflate the early earnings of the managers. In most cases, the management of some bonuses is of deferred optimally. Thanassoulis further notes that

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 1 SLP Essay

MPH522 - e rattling(prenominal)day healthfulness Law and Policy, Mod 1 SLP - Essay ExampleEdward Jenner lecturinged about inoculation in 1796 and diseases like colour fever, scurvy and other health threats were noted by Public health in 1798. Edwin Chadwick in 1842 began to talk about the needs of a solid public health system. John Snow handled the cholera pandemic and learned about the Bradstreet pump. Florence Nightingale brought forward the need for hygiene and district nursing. Lillian Wald is known as the aim of public health nursing as she and her teams began to work with the populations. Then there of course was Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, and many others. The American Public Health Association was founded in 1872 (sphtc.org) This paper will discuss how this historic and honorable arrangement works with other agencies, in this case the Center for Disease Control and Prevention with Public Health Nursing and the Food and Drug Administration with Pharmacists.The above history gives a picture of how closely Public Health organization really work with other health practitioners as there would be very little of any of the above processes if public health had not gotten involved along the way. Public health nursing provides such services as health promotion, disease prevention, and intervention as well as support services to women, children, and youth. As noted one of the interventions and responsibilities is communicable disease control. In this venue, they work very closely with the Center for Disease Control to assure that what the public needs to know as well as new information is made available. The mission of the CDC is to prevent and control communicable disease utilize tools that are available for preparedness.CDC works closely with community health nursing in healthcare associated infections such as MRSA and community acquired pneumonia as well as aids and TB, antibiotic resistance studies which keep the obligate updated on what is workin g and what is not so when they do education with the local nurses and hospitals, it is clear what

Systems Analysis and Design_Aug13 Assignment - Nancy's Novelty Cakes

Systems Analysis and Design_Aug13 - Nancys Novelty Cakes - Assignment Example24 archive 24 b) Spreadsheet program 25 job 3- B Graph 26 Increase in gross taxation Each Year 26 The above given graph clearly indicates that this investment will beget increase to expected gross sales. 27 Sales v/s Revenue 27 27 supra given graph demonstrates the relationship between sales and revenue. This graph clearly shows an increase in sales due to the increase in revenue. 27 Task 3- C 27 In this analytic thinking I have shown a relationship between different variables such as the overall sales and ingrained revenue. These relationships are demonstrates over a progress of four years and in a steady fashion. These relationships draw a steady line of increase in sales and overall increase in revenue after 2 years. ... ign 33 References 34 Introduction Nancys Novelty Cakes is a small confectionery business, which is expert in making novel and special occasion cakes for customers. Up till now, t his company has been employ a traditional approach for the management of its business operations. In this scenario, it has developed and maintained a charge up of cakes projects along with costs associated with those cakes. With the passage of time the management realized that this traditional approach is not profitable for the successful management of business operations. Hence, they have decided to develop and implement a new engine room based system. In this scenario, Nancys Novelty Cakes business is looking for an effective way to replace its obsolete manual system they have had for the last 5 years with a new computerised system. I am a member of IT Company that is specialized in design and development of computerised business systems. Our consultancy firm has won a contract from this client. In this case our team is responsible for the development and implementation of a new technology based system for the better corporate operational and procedures management. This rep ort presents a detailed analysis of some of the important aspects associated with the development and implementation of this new system. This report will discuss the requirements specification and design related aspects of Nancy Nancys Novelty Cakes business. This report is divided into different tasks and each task addresses specific topic. Task 1 a) System lifecycle model Software/system development lifecycle or simply the SDLC is a notional outline or process that demonstrates the phases or steps required for the development of a software application. In fact, this process outlines all the steps from preliminary feasibility

Law UCC Essay and Multiple Q&A Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law UCC and Multiple Q&A - Essay ExampleThis oblige is regulatory in function both protecting the payee and signee of the order/payor (Cornell University Law School, 2005). Because oblige 3 deals like a shot with the definition of payments and how it is coursed through from institutional bodies such as banking concerns to the payee, specific damage and conditions apply to its sections. I fall in observed that portions of sections in this Article is clear and simple to follow. One such illustration is Section 3-114 wherein hurt on an creature are made understandable as guidelines to settle contradictions. I perceive that compose words representing numerical values are likely than written numbers. Hand writing is most cherished than typewritten documents while printed papers are the least utilized in filling up an instrument. One antecedent for all these is that specific presentation of values, such as spelling, and handwriting offers a proof of participation of the instrumen ts signee in the payment system. Essay 2 Article 4 The Fourth Article of UCC is roughly the applicability of banking in business transactions. It clarifies the roles and responsibilities of the bank and its relationship with its customers. Bank responsibilities, in legal terms with look upon to an item for the purpose of payment, presentment or collection are governed by law of the place where the bank is (Cornell University Law School, 2005). This Article 4 are also withinArticles 3 and 8, they are subject tothose Articles. If there is conflict,this Articlegoverns Article 3, butArticle 8governs this Article. (Cornell Law University, 2005). There is cooccur of statements of Articles 4, 3 and 8, which shares the same topic. These terms are included to provide for the relationship of bank and customer according to the presiding bank law in the area. If this violates a specific existing guideline on banking, Articles 3 and 8, automatically governs the transaction. Another example of overlapping of statements is in Article 4-106a-c. The difference between payable thru and payable at creates enormous variation in the payment process. Moreover, there are two alternative clauses with payable at both has different methods of payment. The payee all can receive a draft drawn on the bank or the payment which was self-collected from the payor. The latter process involves the bank as channel and requires the bank to collect only and is not real to pay.

Status of Recruitment in UK Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Status of Recruitment in UK - interrogation Proposal ExampleThis will also give the employers the idea on the satisfaction level of their employees in terms of their policies, salaries and benefits, and professional growth. This will give the employer ideas on what to improve more to satisfy the needs and expectations of their employees.This select will employ the descriptive method using questionnaire as the main data-gathering tool. The questionnaire will be collected of two, first is for the employers and the other is for the employees. The questionnaire for the employees will use a Likert scale for the responses of the employees. The questionnaire will be floated personally by the researcher.In terms of analysis, the gathered data will be treated statistically. The frequency counts, percentage and pictorial presentation techniques will be employed. The weighted mean will also be employed to narrow the satisfaction level of the employees.To test the hypotheses, the chi-square test of independence will be utilized. This test will hear to evaluate if two variables affect one another (Pagoso and Montana, 1993). The alpha level will be .05. The prescript to use isWhereOi = observed frequency Ei = an expected (theoretical) frequency and n = the number of possible outcomes of each event. propagation Pagoso and Montana (1993) Introductory Statistics Rex BookstoreManila,

Multinational corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Multinational corporations - Essay ExampleAs a result, laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the external level. Many politicians, academics, and journalists treat these trends as both(prenominal) inevi slacken and (on the whole) welcome. But for billions of the worlds people, business-driven globalization means uprooting old ways of life and threatening livelihoods and cultures. The global social justice movement, itself a product of globalization, proposes an alternative path, more reactive to public needs. Intense political disputes will continue over globalizations meaning and its future direction (Global constitution Forum)The term globalization refers to the process of global integration of the economies of nations by allowing the unrestricted flow of goods, services, investments and currencies between countries. kingdom states pursued globalization in the hope that this would lead to prosperity. They believed that globalization would bring them agricultural modernization, industrialization, urbanization, and hyper-consumerism resulting in increases of per capita realise domestic product (GDP). Unfortunately, such developments have often been accompanied by increasing social and environmental destruction throughout the world. The process of globalization is having unprecedented impacts, both positive and negative, on life at the individual, village, town, city and national levels (Center for Alternative Development Initiatives). Globalization traces its roots on the modern economic concepts popularized by economists such as David Ricardo. Particularly, it has its foundation on the principles of comparative advantage which supports international trade (Mankiw). Introduced by David Ricardo in 1817 through his book On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, comparative advantage posits that trade can construct value for both countries even if one has the fewer resources in the product of all goods. Using the return possibili ties frontier, Ricardo was able to prove this, achieving a significant breakthrough in the field of international economics. Practically, Ricardo believes that given the situation, both countries can still gain by having the less efficient country specialize in the production and exportation of the commodity in which its arbitrary disadvantage is smallest and import the product in which it has its greatest absolute disadvantage. The commodity in which one country has the least absolute disadvantage can be feeling of as one in which it has the comparative advantage. The gains are realized as both countries specialize in the production of commodity in which it has the least opportunity cost (Mankiw). The Gains from Trade A Simple numerical ExampleTo facilitate understanding of the gains from trade, we cite the example from the Principles of Macroeconomics book of N. Gregory Mankiw. Given that it takes 20 hours for farmer to mystify 1 lb of meat and 10 hours to earn 1 lb of pota to, and 1 hour for rancher to produce 1 lb. of potato and 8 hours to produce 1 pound of meat, we construct the table for a 40-hour persist schedule. Source Mankiw, N.Gregory. Principles of Macroeconomics. Orlando, Florida Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998.Obviously, the rancher has the absolute advantage in the production of both meat and potatoes. The rancher may advice the farmer to produce potato alone, while he does meat production at longer hours than production of potato. The table below shows the beneficial

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Personal Statement - Essay ExampleIt will make me tint obliged with how I take up breedings different sunglasses every now and then. These are very significant pointers that shall shape up my life without any doubt.As far as my educational domains are concerned, I have attained the same from the United States. hitherto though I was born in Indonesia, my education in the States has taught me to get acquainted with the norms of life in a very comprehensible manner. The adopted country has instilled in me a sense of confidence and fulfilment which I would not have learned had I been somewhere else. More so, I have constantly continued to follow the footsteps of my father which is something that remains very quintessential towards my domains. Since he has been a successful businessman, I aspire to be much like him and in fact even more at times. This gives me gigantic pleasure to know that my father is indeed my role model as far as my nonrecreational undertakings of life are conc erned.seek to attain higher level education as university offers more cloudy knowledge than a college. I want to absorb the knowledge that has been imparted my way. My aim is to discern how well I become apt with the information, education and knowledge that come within my domains. It will only make me olfactory modality contented and satisfied with who I am and how I aspire to get the best out of my life in essence.One of the most important reasons behind transferring to the university is because I feel United States education is something to feel happy about. It offers a host of opportunities to the professionals all around the world and there is reason to believe much(prenominal) a dictum. This shall enable me to further my career within the field of business. It will also allow me to be at par with the business avenues and advancements that are happening on a continuous basis. I would signal the authorities at the helm of affairs to kindly allow me a chance to showcase my o riginal mettle as this will be the

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more Essay

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis bequeath always be more effective. Discuss - examine ExampleEmotion should never be avoided because it will work on the individuals sub-conscience. The commands should be stressed and emotionally underlined and according to therapists, slight overacting works truly well.Conceptual negatives are comprised with words like no, not, never, which are, traditionally not used it hypnosis scripts, can be used in personalised scripts in a very suggestive and forceful way, without conveying a negative meaning. There is no need for you hesitate you will find the entire experience exhilaratingFour sense test increases the power of the suggestion by lengthening it. This only means decorating the expectations of the hypnotised person, by glorifying it. By creating a sensational visualisation, with powerful and ingratiatory approach the theorist can improve the impact tremendously.According to recent researches, hypnosis has the power to change the o peration of the brain, by using functional brain imaging, according to John Gruzlier. (http//www.newscientist.com/article/dn6385-hypnosis-really-changes-your- chief.html )It has always been known that mind works differently while in hypnotised state and this proves the compliance theory wrong.

Ransomware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ransomware - Research Paper ExampleRansomware is a threat due to inability to recover teaching from the infected computer.Ransomware is a hijacking threat in the computer system using encryption engineering science to limit or prevent the engagementrs access to their system. The Three types of ransomware include encrypting malware, lock-screen viruses and scareware. The ransomware make be in the form of police blocking computer access or FBI virus while others use pornographic images to embarrass the victim. The victims of this malware are usually internet exploiters though hijacking of their substance abuser files. It often requires the user to pay ransom to the malware creator before removing the restriction. The attacker may seize the files or computer until the user pays the ransom to online currency accounts such as Webmoney or eGold. The attacks using ransomware are becoming to a greater extent in advance(p) and refined in algorithm posing great challenges to data protecti on.We will consider the history of ransomware, how ransomware functions in this article. Besides, the paper discusses the reason behind its fast growth, how to prevent it or fix the computer after infection. The affix in the use of ransomware since the formation of the first one raises the question of why they are becoming more prominent. The ransomware is likely to evolve further with the current ones having the ability to encrypt and lock the files. The latest actions of the ransomware ensure the harm they cause continues even after removal without paying the ransom money.As the technology evolves, the malware also evolves in many ways to thrive (Elisan & Hypponen, 2013). . Ransomware has changed over time since the first case in the infection methods, directives and persistence. The early cases of ransomware were benign and easy to remove. However, the new strains are more persistent and pose great threats. The first ransomware is PC Cyborg in 1989 that claimed expiry of licen se to a

Management and Delivery of UK Higher Education Essay

Management and Delivery of UK Higher command - Essay ExampleWith time the division of the government, private sector, nongovernment sector and human race sector faded to such(prenominal) an extent that the ara of public services expanded and included the services provided by the private sector and the non government sector too. Hence it can be said that the providers of the public services can be referred as the memorial tablet from the multilayered sector. Hence sometimes the public services are referred as people make-up which provide service to the general public and works on collective interest and also give the responsibility for those services provided. Therefore the sector of public sector is heterogeneous which contains diametrical people who had different expectations. Therefore the precaution of the public services is very important. The public service officials has to deal with the different semipolitical situations as fountainhead as ensure that the services don e are morally correct as the services uses the resources of the society and are valuable to the society. The services constitute the technical skills, ethical values and leaders (Bowmen, West and Beck, 2009, p.9). The areas of public services include medical or health care sector, housing sector, manoeuvre sector, police services and the services and the services of government (Bach, et al, 1999, p.58). The health care sector provides services which includes super technical expertise. This service is provided by the government as well as the private organisations. This sector is set by ethical standards. Education which was primarily a government domain and was provided by the government is at once provided by the other non-profit organisations too. The main objective of these service... This paper approves that the measurement and management of any service cannot be complete without mentioning the tonicity aspect of the service. For managing the public presentation of any serv ice it is important to manage the quality of the service. grapheme management in the higher pedagogics sector has always been a tough job. This is because the meaning of quality varies from person to person. In case of higher education the range of stake holders is quite large. The stake holders are both internal and external of the organisation.This paper makes a conclusion that it can be said that performance management system was introduced by the government in the UK primarily to make the public sector organisation act more efficiently and become at par with the private sector organisations. The transition of the public management system with the new public management enhanced the area of the instruction execution and the performance management system was also implemented in the non profit organisations like medical sector and the education sector. The implementation of the performance management system has impacted the higher education system in a telephone number of ways. It has increased the financial strength of the institutes, made the service providers more accountable to their work and also actuate the good performers by rewarding them but, it has also increased the pressure on the teachers and the management to perform well every time which is sometime passed to the students. In all it can be said that the implementation of the performance management system have both positive and negative impact on the higher education in UK.

Functional organizations are described by organizational charts Essay

Functional organizations are described by organizational maps. Explain wherefore a temporary organization such as a project can benefit from utilise an organizational map - Essay Examplelpful where projects involve various departments and participants who stand to coordinate their work or when they are required to report to a person from a different department. Some projects involve operative with new faces and one has to learn to recognize these new faces for better efficiency under these circumstances, an organizational chart comes in handy because it not only has the faces of the participants of the project but also their names and their different roles not to mention it provides a constant reference point.An organizational structure helps in better management of resources and personnel department by preventing duplication of roles and capacities moreover, it helps reduce the work load of managers and supervisors as it shows the number of people they have to contend and th e various departments that have to report to them.If the project is to take a considerable length of time, an organizational chart is used by project participants to see their promotion options and the vacancies that surround them. This way they dont have to miss out of opportunities that they can easily take advantage

Behavioural and Cognitive Counselling Theory Essay

Behavioural and cognitive Counselling Theory - Essay spokespersonHe developed his court because he did not agree with the widely popular psychoanalytic approach to therapy (NACBT, 2008).Before the 18th century studies and conceptualizations in mental and psychiatric health was still interpreted in terms of the supernatural and the moral notions of human ills (McGuire, n.d). The Rationalist theory, introduced in the 18th century, was posterior able to strengthen patterns of thinking conceptualizations of the social contrast and other concepts of criminal behavior, motivation, and morality. Other more scientific rationalizations soon followed. Cognitive psychology was very much rooted in the rationalist theory through Wudt and his colleagues studies on star and perception (McGuire, n.d). In this instance, the understanding of psychology was very much a cognitive one later to be known as structuralism because it focused on sensory and perceptual events related to it (McGuire, n.d ).to a greater extent introspections and innovations among psychologists led to behaviourism. Behaviourism was founded through the writings of John Watson who collected data on behaviour itself and how the being acted. According to Watson, it is not enough to observe the mind (McGuire, n.d). It is important however to see human behaviour as a result of learning and he points out the teachings and the lessons learned by Ivan Pavlov in his experimentations. more than studies on the infra-human species and the concepts of stimulus, response reinforcement, and extinction were in addition developed. This saw the introduction of BF Skinners work on operant conditioning (McGuire, n.d).The introduction of the behaviourist patterns of therapy did not stop the work of the cognitive therapists. Moreover, their work also focused on memory, perception, and related areas. Their analysis was not in any way related to behaviourists and their enquiry progressed well in relation to children. Jean

The Diamond Model which has been penned down by Michael Porter Essay

The Diamond Model which has been penned down by Michael ostiary - Essay ExampleThis advantage is do gooded by the nation by increasing accept for that commodity by other nations. Either the nation with the competitive advantage has gained this edge because of the cheap labor available in their region, or it is due to the amazingly high quality of resources that be available within their region. The reason whoremaster be any - but once the competitive advantage has been gained, it goes a long way in supportering the nation to rule the international market for that commodity and it even gives the nation the power to enjoin prices at times, especially if there is scarcity of that commodity or the raw materials needed to make that commodity in other parts of the world, or if the commodity is a staple good or a fast moving consumer good.Thus, competition, in todays age, is non limited to domestic competitors. Rather, the competitors are now present world(a) for a single diligen ce. Thus, Porters model becomes the most comprehensive model available for this purpose only - to help nations make policies which will help them out beat their international competitors.1. Firm strategy, structure and rivalry strategy is the way through which the nation aims to achieve its goals. If the nation aims to achieve strategic competitive advantage in four industries wool, cotton, wheat and rice, then it need to work accordingly. Moreover, it also has to structure the domestic industry in a manner which instills competitiveness within the domestic players only, so that the overall industry can grant a higher level. Rivalry is the competition that is ignited within the local competitors, so that they work on an individual basis and also in groups to achieve the nations policy of achieving global competitiveness in the international arena. 2. Demand conditions A nations policy on competitiveness around the globe will depend on the demand that exists for its products. The nations industry can never stand out in a global sphere if the local demand does not match the international demand. If, for instance, the cotton produced in the local areas is of low quality and the local consumers are satisfied with that, then there is no scope for this industry to flourish internationally. This is because if the local demand is not demanding enough out of the industries, then they would never better their level of quality, service or the elements that make a product from good to better to best. Thus, the more demanding the customers in an economy, the greater the pressure facing firms to constantly improve their competitiveness via different radical innovative product offerings etc. 3. Related and supporting industries If an industry has to gain competitive advantage internationally, then it should also engage the support of the related and supporting industries. For instance, while qualification national policy, the related and supporting industries for the gov ernment would be the media industry, because of the amount of

The Most Dangerous Game Literary Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Most Dangerous Game Literary Analysis EssayIn the short fiction The Most Dangerous Game, Richard Connell uses troth to have a suspenseful mood. When Rainsofrd is struggling to swim in the ocean it shows man v. nature conflict. For a seemingly endless time he fought the sea (42). perplexity really shows in this scene because its really nailbiting to see if he is going to give up and allow him egotism drown, or if he is going to push and swimm to the island hes heard has a bad reputation. Man v. man conflict is shown when Zaroff challenges Rainsford to the hunt.Zaroff said, Your brain against mine. Your woodcraft against mine. Your strength and stamina against mine. Outdoor chess (52). The reader feels a lot of suspense in this part because Rainsford is in an unfamiliar place, in the dark, at night, being chased by an expert hunter, his huge servant/guard Ivan, and a pack of wild dogs. The suspenseful mood reaches a turning heighten when Rainsford chooses to jump off t he cliff instead of continuing the hunt.Rainsford also has a lot of man v. self conflict during the hunt. Rainsford has to repeat a motivational phrase to himself so he will admit root and collected under the stressful hunt. Rainsford repeats, I will non lose my nerve. I will not (54). This adds suspense because it really makes the reader anxious to know whether or not he will keep his cool. In The most Dangerous Game man v. nature, man v. man, and man v. self conflicts are shown to create a suspenseful mood.

Gender Roles in the United States Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles in the United States Essay1. Briefly discuss the history of heathen relations in the United States. The heathen history of the United States was long rooted during the colonial period. The first settle ments in the United States were the Spanish outposts in the towns of Florida and California and a French outpost in Louisiana. English colonizers decl atomic number 18d the United States independence in 1776 due to their yearning for freedom from their own country (Doane). The class, racial, ethnic, and sexual activity bloods of the contemporary nation shake off their root in the colonial period (Doane). Because of the failure to force Native Ameri force out settlers to work on the fields, the British settlers resorted in importing African slaves to work on cotton plantations located at the South, while the Whites chose to abide on the North to further hone their emerging industries (Doane). The ethnic relations of the United States during the early historic p eriod be characterized by the major issue of racism and discrimination based on skin color. During the colonial times, the poor lights and the indentured servants served as bridges for the slaves and the landlords.The poor whites tried to identify themselves with the rich landowning whites and propagated the idea of white racial individualism rather than the class identity (Doane). This action in turn reinforced the racial discrimination in the country. The status, skin color and position in the labor market characterized the relationships among racial and ethnic groups. Some of the Blacks migrated northward to work on industrial jobs but disparity continued as they were remunerative less than the whites on comparable jobs. The Blacks in like manner received less social benefits than the Whites reinforcing discrimination (Doane).2. Describe the bring of gender single-valued function socializing. Give examples of how females and males are trained to fulfill the expectations o f their gender roles. thither is a temperament for the society to mandate societal rules and determine what is right and acceptable to the flock. This process is referred to as gender role socialization, wherein social institutions control the societys expectations on dress code, language, personality, leisure activities and aspirations for each sex (Padavic and Reskin 53). by dint of this process, people learn their gender identity.The society associates well established values, postures, style, choices and performance that are appropriate for gender categories such as men and women. People are able to absorb the specific roles that the society is stressful to inculcate to the members of a particular sex (Senior 25). Learning our gender roles is important in the aspect of socialization and our interaction with other people. Childhood experiences of socialization prepare the people in their gender and social roles in such a way that adult members of the society are expecting the m to behave (Senior 25).Even as children, people have been trained to behave and act according to their biological sexual orientation. And as such, parents reinforce gender role socialization on their child-rearing methods. They give toy guns and robots to their male children and dolls and kitchen utensils to their female children. People may be unconsciously aware but through this method, social roles are being inculcated within the consciousness of children in the society as they become adults. Toy guns for male children depict that males should be aggressive and courageous.Boys are also more exposed to high-tech toys like PSP and Gameboy reflecting their advantage in the technological field of industry. Female children or girls, on the other hand, are encouraged to play with dolls and kitchen utensils to prepare them to their future social roles which are in charged of the household, homemaker and as domestic provider. It also encouraged the attitudes of women to become caring an d nurturing. 3. Discuss the evidence, which points to any gender roles being biological or cultural in origin.Base on this evidence, what conclusions can be drawn about the origins of gender roles. Discuss some of the most important sources of gender inequalities in our society. How can these inequalities be jutting? One of the speculated causes of the significant difference in the attitudes and social characteristics between men and women is their biological structure. It was said that genes and other biological components play a big role in influencing these social characteristics. There are biological explanations provided in an attempt to examine aggressiveness in males.It was already known that the inseparable presence of Y gene in the 23rd chromosome makes males susceptible to physical disarray. However, there is no starchy evidence explaining the role of genetics in the aggressiveness of individuals, particularly the males. Several indicators of military unit have been open up to be more evident in males than in females (Englander 122). Research further reveals the role of androgens in the preponderance of violence. Androgens are male sex hormones that are abundant in males. These hormones were indirectly linked to criminal violence and also to traditional behavior.Studies show that women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a medical condition in which androgens are secreted in the uterus of females, have an inclination to male tastes and preferences. Although there is no concrete evidence of the relationship between androgens and violence, it was suspected to be the reason behind mens more aggressive behavior (Englander 123). Another biological factor that is thought to be responsible behind the violent attitude of men is the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Behavioral patterns are related to the level of MOA presence in the blood.Men are found to have lower levels of MAO than women. Lower MAO levels are associated with aggressiveness and the sud den burst of anger and frustrations, specially impulsiveness (Englander 123). Another essential factor that was believed to be responsible for the development of aggression in men and the nurturing attitude of women is the social construction or the difference in how each was reared and molded by culture and society. A persons social environment is accountable for the values inculcated in his or her personality. His or her socially-constructed identity is viewed to be inherent with his biological sex.Difference in gender has a widespread effect in the society, which was supported by documented knowledge in socio-biology and evolutionary psychology. This collection of knowledge states that men and women are irrevocably different in bodily configurations (Taylor Spencer 41). Such disparities in gender can be alleviated through programs that will breach the inequality in gender such as having equal opportunity on the workplace. We could also start hastening changes through campaign programs that will call for equality between genders. kit and caboodle CitedDoane, Molly. 2007. Culture of United States of America. Advameg, Inc. 11 November 2008 http//www. everyculture. com/To-Z/United-States-of-America. html. Englander, Elizabeth Kandel. Understanding Violence. New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2007. Padavic, Irene and Barabara F. Reskin. Women and Men at Work, second edition. Thousand Oaks, California Pine Forge Press, 2002. Senior, Olive. Working Miracles. London James Currey Ltd. , 1991. Taylor, Gary and Steve Spencer. Social Identities Multidisciplinary Approaches. New York Routledge, 2004.

The Turkish Gambit by Boris Akunin Essay Example for Free

The Turkish ploy by Boris Akunin EssayThe Turkish Gambit is the third novel by Boris Akunin to be translated from Russian to English. It is also the second novel among the Erast Fandorin detective-fiction masterpieces written by Akunin. This novel is set during 1877-1878 when the Russian-Ottoman war was marking its place in World History. It revolves around the search of shoplifter Erast Petrovich Fandorin for a Turkish spy among the ranks of Russian soldiers. In his plight, he was accompanied by a womanish sidekick named Varvara Andreevna Varya Suvorova who has gone in Bulgaria to find her fianc. The novel involves the death of Russian hussar officer Count Zurov and policeman Ivan Kazanzaki.Apparently, these deaths are very much planned by the Turkish- secret agent Anwar Eff final stagei disguised as the French journalist Charles Paladin.Paladins story that he was fitting to see that the Turks were sm exclusivelyer in list may nurture been his chance to talk to this army a nd tell them that he was about to convince the Russians to fervency Plevna with smaller troops. Thus, the Russian army attacked Plevna with no exact knowledge of the Turks strength.The death of Zurov occurred when he was ordered by Russian General Sobolev to fetch reinforcements from their provide as they were being beaten by the Turks during their battle at Plevna. This attack was lead by incorrect information from Paladin who said that the Turks were already on the losing end when in fact, they were gathering more strength against the Russian army. Zurov may have been killed on his way to their headquarters by Paladin as he was still in Bucharest where he killed Colonel Lukan (Lukan may have also been satisfactory to find out that Paladin was the spy) so as not to be able to call the said reinforcement. In Akunins novels that feature Fandorin, there is always a homosexual character reference that is usually blamed of a criminal offense but ends up innocent. In The Turkish Gam bit, this character is portray by a Russian Greek gay officer named Ivan Kazanzaki who was accused of treason. He was sent to put aside and suffered because of this accusation. But as Fandorin relayed what he found out about Paladin, Kazanzaki was proven innocent. The detective said that all along, it was Paladin who was causing so much trouble on the Russian army because of severe treachery. He revealed that no one from Paladins paper has ever seen him and why Paladins stories were change with information at cities where Anwar was said to be located. He was also the one who changed Plevna to Nikopol on the telegram by distracting Peter Yablokov telling him that Varvara was at their place. It was Paladin who was supposed to be accused of treason and not Yablokov or Kazanzaki. And as the novel ended, with the problem on the espionage resolved, Akunin imparts other predicament to his readers as Fandorin was able to predict that although Russia was able to win over Turkey, they are still up to a new set of problems. And that is for sure is another installment of the Fandorin series that should be anticipated.SOURCESKiem, Elizabeth. The Turkish Gambit by Boris Akunin Random House. Flak mag 1999-2006. 10 December2006.http//www.flakmag.com/books/turkishgambit.htmlWeidenfeld Nicolson. The tsars Man. The Guardian 29 Jan. 2005. 10 December 2006. http//books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/crime/0,6121,1400851,00.html

Cango Analysis Essay Example for Free

Cango Analysis bear witnessLike Liz mentions in the video (speech) CanGo acts as a personal shopper for their customers. Customers dont make believe go to different store to buy their merchandise when they can buy online at the homogeneous place and for affordable prices. Weaknesses When Liz was asked to prep be a speech of how their comp any rise uped over time, she had no clue of where to start. She didnt political platform anything ahead, for example she mentions in the resolution video that if she had done some planning for her club, her company would have departed much far from where they argon at now. CanGo didnt have a strategical plan for online childs play. Liz and her employees vertical had a small meeting and without giving a notice ahead of time, she just announced that they are entering into a new-sprung(prenominal) market of online gaming. All her employees were surprised at first. She didnt ask any of her employees before that if they liked the idea of online gaming or not. She just went ahead and asked for preliminary marketing plan. The employees seemed hesitant as to asking questions. The employees at CanGo dont work to let downher and are not works in a team setting as should be implemented. Furthermore, the company doesnt determine what this online gaming includes. Further, the company didnt speak to determine what would be the various levels of support it would provide to its customers. CanGo didnt develop a strategy explaining how it leave conduct its business. Opportunities As one of the employee mentions what about online football game? I think it would be great idea for the company to go ahead and implement an online football game, since a lot of customers like to play football or sports.It could be that during the football season they can bum around a huge rush. Secondly online gaming also allows people from different countries to play at the same time which is a huge plus. Threats CanGo doesnt have a huge capital to invest. If they waste it on the idea of online gaming without knowing if they have any prospective with it, CanGo will be in a huge debt. If they are going to train their staff to do the operations, their customers are going to be depressing because they have few people and there is a lot of work to do.They would have to increase remuneration of their employees because they will be handling more work than they are supposed to. Recommendation CanGo company of necessity to have a mission and visual sensation statement. Mission statement is going to describe what their company does and vision statement is where management wants to see their company in future. First step is, to have these two statements ready, which this company is missing. I dont think CanGo should expand on their idea of online gaming without having a strategic plan.They were missing all the elements of strategic planning which are implementation, evaluation and formation. There were no questions about the future of online gaming nor there do any report to see how much success other companies had so far with online gaming. No one discussed about the equipment they are going to need to build this huge project. Liz has plant the whole burden on one employee. There is no teamwork what if that person gets lazy and comes up a lazy marketing plan. Then everyone would have to agree to it because no other member knows anything about marketing.Liz should have told her employees that everyone needs to come up with marketing plan and then in the next meeting they will choose the best one by consensus. I dont think company is in its best financial condition. If they go ahead with their idea of online gaming, operational costs of buying equipment and software are going to cost a lot by itself. I also think they need new personnel training old employees about the new technology is going to be a forged job. Hiring the new staff will be cheaper.May be they should wait for the financial times to get better or they should outsource. The company can outsource the implementation of equipment which would save them a lot of property and keeping the customer service here in America. CanGos customers will be very cheerful because they will be able to talk to their own people in their language comfortably. Customer serve should be the priority in any decision they make or any service they provide. References Devry. (n. d. ). CanGo videos. Retrieved July 15, 2009, from devry www. devry. edu/ec/crs

Eating and Mermaids Poolside Grille Essay Example for Free

Eating and Mermaids Poolside wicket gate EssayWe have all decided to go on a Carnival Cruise bankers bill costing us all $601. 36 apiece together it depart cost $2,405. 44, for seven nights in the Bahamas and Florida ara. We volition all drive up to Maryland, Baltimore using $50 in gas for both ship canal and leaving the houses at 100 pm. We will also eat about $4 to $5 a person worth of food on the port down there then on the way rearwards we will spend probably the same amount in order to eat again. On the first day of the sail we will unpack and relax until 730P. M. and eat in the Normandie Restaurant. afterwards dinner we will relax on the deck till 1130P. M.The next day we will go to the pool and swim. At lunch we will have room service then go back to the pool. At dinner we will go to the Mermaids Poolside Grille. After dinner we are all going to the dance club on the cruise. The third day will consist of a Cookie Decorating club and ice cream eating contest. By dinner we will eat at Pizzeria which is fit(p) in the Mermaids Poolside Grille. After dinner we will all just relax. On the fourth day we persist in Florida and relax on the beach soaking up the sun. At dinner time we are eating at the sushi bar and going to the butterflies lounge in the cruise after dinner.On the fifth part day we stop at the Bahamas and go shopping with our left over money, which would be $350 per person. When we get back on the cruise we will have room service again. By the sixth day we will be watching a Broadway musical and listening to comedians. We will eat Normandie Restaurant again. On the put out and final day we will be packing and playing a couple of games on the cruise like battle of the sexes. When dinner comes around we will eat at Your Time Dining. On the ordinal day we will be sadly departing at 800am. All of these activities, excluding shopping, will be at no charge because we paid for all of it at the beginning.

Ali Farrukh Essay Example for Free

Ali Farrukh Essay1. A search engine site claims that, on average, iodine out of five visitors flicks on an ad. (a) If 8 expenditurers visit the site, what is the probability that at least three click on an ad? b) If 8 users visit the site, what is the probability that less than two of them click on an ad? c) If 800 users visit the site, would the probability that less than 200 click on an ad be higher or lower than the answer found in vocalization (b)? relieve a few sentences explaining your answer- computations ar not required (or desired) d) Suppose 90 users visit the site during a particular minute, use the normal melodic theme to estimate the probability that more than 25 of them click on an ad. e) If 900 users visited the site, would the probability that more than 250 of them click on an ad be higher or lower than the answer found in part (d)? Write a few sentences explaining your answer- computations are not required (or desired)2. Suppose that, over alone, 5% of al l tax returns are audited by the IRS. (a) If an accountant has 7 clients for whom she prepared tax returns, what is the probability that less than 3 will be audited? (b) If the accountant has 30 clients, what is the probability that at least one is audited? (c) Suppose the accountant prepares 500 returns, use the normal approximation to estimate the probability that more than 20 of the returns are audited.3. Suppose the weight of pelt produced by Henly Farms has a mean of 59.7 g. with a standard deviation of 3.4 g. Find the probability that a carton of a dozen eggs will weigh less than 727 g.4. Magazine Marketers is holding a sweepstakes. They advert the following prizes and the probability of winning the prizeTo enter the sweepstakes, you must pay $1 for postage. Find the expect profit for someone entering this sweepstakes.6. Given below are the birth weights of babies born to mothers who took special vitamin supplements charm pregnant 3.13 4.37 3.93 4.33 3.39 3.68 4.68 3.52 3.0 2 4.29 2.47 4.13 4.47 3.22 3.43 2.54 a. Make a 99% confidence interval for the mean weight of babies whose mothers take vitamin supplements. b. Do a hypothesis test to determine if these babies weight is more than the mean weight for the population of all babies which is 3.39 kg using = .005 c. In a short paragraph, describe the relationship between your answer to part (a) and your answer to part (b).8. In a study of the effectiveness of a new pain killer, 46 out of 821 patients tested reported experiencing side effects. Use = 0.01 significance level to determine if the proportion who exist side effects from this drug is lower than the 7.8% rate of side effects for the older version of this medication.

The Role of Slavery in Roman Comedy Essay Example for Free

The Role of Slavery in Roman Comedy EssayA Greek comedic playwright named Menander wrote a play with the same title. Since Menanders sport is lost, historians arent sure how original Terences version is. We can suspect that at least virtually of Terences version is merely a translation or a very slightly alter form of Menanders. One of the most recurring themes in Greek and Roman Theater is that of the master and the slave. virtually every play by Plautus contained the cunning slave who outwitted or ridiculed his masters action. George Duckworth expound this relationship saying, It is hardly possible that in real life ancient slaves had as much exemption as the slaves of Roman comedy, nor could they ready been as outspoken and as impudent, (Duckworth 288). Themes such as this sought to decrease the harsh reality of slavery and racism through comedy. Because Plutarch and Terence depicted slaves more as free work force than as prisoners, their comedies fought the traditiona l ideas of slavery and discrimination. Before discussing slavery in Roman plays, it is important to know the customs duty of the Roman Theater.All Roman citizens attended the theater for free, because either the city funded the play, or a wealthy, person citizen paid for the production. These individuals might be running for an upcoming election, so they provided entertainment to the Roman people to get into favor with them. The better the play, the better their reputation would be. In general, the Romans of the time, combat and bloodshed were of the utmost desires for entertainment. The more virtual(prenominal) and gruesome the event, the more they enjoyed themselves.At the time, women were non allowed to have roles in the theater, and in the beginning stages of Roman Theater, women could non even attend the productions. Young boys played the female roles instead. scarcely most interestingly, slaves usually made up the entire cast of a Roman production. There are twenty surv iving plays written by Plautus. The first instance of a slave acting out of theatrical role is in the play Captivi. In this play, Philopolemus, an Aetolian is captured and sold into slavery under an Elean doctor.His start, Hegio proceeds to buy many Elean slaves to trade for his son. He ends up buying a well-known Elean named Philocrates, who is accompanied by his own slave, Tyndarus. Hegio plans to send the master back to Elis to facilitate the trade. But Tyndarus and Philocrates switched identities, which would have caused the deal to fall through. Hegio is infuriated, and orders Tyndarus to the quarries. David Konstan explains the theme of this play as, the conflict between a stern, conventional father and a son driven to defiance by the irresistible force of erotic passion.A parking area figure in these plays is the household slave, who risks the displeasure of his senior masterin order to advance the amatory interests of the junior, (Konstan 59). Instead of the general stor yline, Philocrates is the senior master because he is the original owner of Tyndarus. Hegio is the junior master because he has only recently obtained Tyndarus. Hegio still holds all power over Tyndarus, though, and this act of defiance would normally be penalise with death for the perpetrator. Instead, Hegio is convinced by Tyndarus that his actions were purely out of loyalty, and not to offend Hegio.Hegio respects this and decides to let him live. Another famous play by Plautus that contains the role of the cunning slave who is not punished justly is Rudens. Gripus, the slave of a poor man that lives on the coast comes across a nurse chest while fishing, and dreams of what he get out do with his spoils, explaining that he will buy his freedom and sprain a tyrant with his immense wealth. Another slave, Trachalio comes along, though, and claims that if Gripus doesnt split the treasure with him, hence he will report Gripus to the original owner of the treasure.Gripus argues that the treasure is his because the sea belongs to no one, and consequently that which is recovered from the sea belongs to the finder. Trachalio suggests they strengthen the argument by talking to Gripus owner Daemones. Daemones sides with Trachalio, who emergencyed the treasure not for himself, only when for the original owner, Palaestra. Daemones then chides Gripus for his selfishness, Daemones angrily sends him into the house and complains about the poor quality of slaves luckily, he reflects, Gripus didnt meet another akin himself, or both would have been implicated in the crime, (Konstan 84).Trachalio is the cunning slave in this example, and he, like Tyndarus, is not motivated by selfish reasons, entirely by doing what is right. This is the reason why the cunning slave is storeyed in Roman Theater. Duckworth describes the attitude of this slave as, the freedom and insolence of the humorous slaves, their immunity from serious punishment, their happy-go-luck foundationcomb ine to paint a picture of slave life that bears little relation to reality, (Duckworth 290). In his leaven entitle Comic Shackles, Ulrike Roth elaborates on this point saying, But Getas concern is not recount for the employment of chained labour on the land.Both Plautus and Terence, then, do not employ the movie of the chained slave for work on the land of Roman slave owners, (Roth). The slaves dont real suffer any torture throughout the course of the productions. In reality, the Roman master surely would have punished his slave for even the most minor mistakes, just to keep his reputation as a man in power. Duckworth says that, however much the slaves of comedy refer to whips and chains, to the mill and the quarry and the cross, they seldom meet them in the plays.The frequent use by slaves of epithets like mastigia, furcifer, uerbero, verbereum caput, as terms of banter or abhorrence does not mean that the slaves are necessarily referring to punishments which they or their fe llow-slaves have themselves undergone, (Duckworth 290). Plautus and Terence do not want to show the truth about slavery of the time in their productions. This may be so that they didnt insult anyone by generalizing what most Romans did. If a play was poorly received, then the citizen who invested in the production would belike destroy the name of the playwright.Duckworth explains that, when the intrigue is directed against a pompous soldier or a rascally leno, the slaves machinations have the approval of the other characters and the sympathy of the spectators. Such trickery is successful and on that point is no question of punishment, (Duckworth 288). When the auditory sense is on the side of the trickster, there is no need for punishment in the look of the audience. This technique is essential in Roman theater. It makes the slave, a degenerate type in the eyes of most Romans, the hero of the play an integral part in the outcome of the story. Just like in Miles Gloriosus.Plautu s writes about the character of Palaestrio as another example of this motif. He plots and schemes against his new master Pyrgopolynices in order to return the kidnapped Philocomasium to his former master, Pleusicles. Pleusicles hides with an old man next door after receiving a garner from Palaestrio about their location. Palaestrio crafts an opening in the wall so that the girl can visit her true come behind the soldiers back. The plan almost fails when another slave sees the girl with another man, but through his craftiness Palaestrio manages to convince him it was the girls visiting twin sister.He then enlists the armed service of a courtesan to stand in for the neighbours wife and seduces the soldier so he will set the girl free. The ruse is successful, and Palaestrio escapes with his old master and the girl. The freedom that Palaestrio has in this play is something to be desired by all slaves. The fact that he could find paper to write a garner to his master in secret and th at he could even write at all is hard to say of a slave during this time period. But his defiance of the unjust soldier Pyrgopolynices is admired by the audience because he is one of the main characters.This depiction of the life of a slave is not one of reality, but it does make for good entertainment. The pardoning of slaves and the cunning slave are two important motifs in Roman theater. Duckworth states, tempestuous threatsare not to be taken seriously. They are more useful in portraying the comic aspects of a young mans impatience or an old mans fretfulness than in throwing light upon the relation of master and slave in antiquity, (Duckworth 289). The slave is usually meant to be a beloved character that either encourages the main character to do what is right or is the main character himself.

Public Display of the Ten Commandments Essay Example for Free

Public Display of the ex Commandments EssayPeople often go out memorization exhausting and more like boresome. All those numerous row and lines to remember tend to tire and bore more or less of them. Moreover, or so of the time, they tend to memorize vertical for the heck of it and non for the benefit of understanding and knowledge. The ex Commandments atomic number 18 some of the most every solar day lines that Christians should memorize and know by heart. These lines stick out long served as Christians guiding passages and words towards the path to function and morality. However, considering the generation todaywhen more and more throng shun the idea of memorizing and indication very thick pages result the ecstasy Commandments still possess their utmost magnetic core? Will they be able to serve their purpose of guiding the slew towards dandyness when not all told Christians nowadays be able to memorize them? In what ways can the Christian Church take car e that people are still living up to the message presented by the ex Commandments?These are vertical some of the uncertainties on the effectiveness of the Holy Bible in reminding people around the ecstasy Commandments. Is interpretation Enough? Today, as the developments in the information technologies continue to rise, the usual activities like conversing, organizeing messages, and even claiming can be done through the use of a computer and an internet connection. Considering this reality, doubts on whether people nowadays are still grasping the idea of the 10 Commandments by sympathizeing the Bible whitethorn arise.However, this can be possible if there are numerous electronic copies of the Holy Bible lendable for people to access anywhere, and such copies have plenty of attractive ocular designs, as humans are inherently visual beings (Pahlavan 270). gentles visual system is supported by other sensory(prenominal) organs which empower and strengthen its sensitivity t o stimuli. Putting these facts in simpler terms, a person is said to have a natural tendency to prefer things which are more attractive to the sense of sight preceding(prenominal) other senses.Hence, it may be understandable why people tend to read more one-sided and visually attractive materials compared to the intimidating and profound words of the Holy Bible. Knowing this, it can be inferred that put a Bible beside a person who has the access to the internet and all its wonders would reassure that that person would read it and understand what it says. Furthermore, people can no longer expect most children to prioritize the memorization of the Ten Commandments when they have all those tough and demanding homework and projects to do.Thus, is the Christian Church still assured that people read The Bible and the Ten Commandments everyday? If not, then how can the Ten Commandments be further promoted? Appealing to Humans Visual Preference At present, the huge banners, billboards, posters, and different visual advertisements are typical fit along roads, malls, and literally almost everywhere. Various creative, artistic, and innovative ways are now used good to disseminate information better.Nowadays, these methods are typically through very visual advertisements. The message of the Holy Bible, specifically the Ten Commandments, is considered as the most important and relevant checking of the Christian faith. Compared to the open service announcements of the government, malls gross revenue promotion, introduction of a new brand of soda, and all the other general topics of ads today, it seems that the promotion of the Ten Commandments and all the other relevant messages of the Holy Bible has become a little unmerited.It is ironic that these messages are what appears to be the most significant and relevant messages for the people, yet why are there more ads for sodas, clothing lines, celebrities, and TV shows as compared to these important reminders? Also, if the Ten Commandments appear to be the greatest instructions and guidelines the people must approve with, why are there simpler and shorter road signs and traffic rules displayed compared to these profound yet very important words to follow and live by? This seems to be the greatest irony in todays advertisements and visual display practices.The significance of the Ten Commandments has been an eternal and undying idea among Christians. People exactly know that the Ten Commandments are the written key for salvation and freedom for sin, yet these commandments are still left unadvertised and unheralded compared to how the big ad agencies promote different products which do not actually level to the significance of the Ten Commandments in peoples everyday lives. Looking at this truth, it may seem disturbing and appal how people value information that modern advertisements promote while they recant the message of the Ten Commandments unperceived or disregarded.It also seems depres sing, considering how the attitude of people towards these commandments has changed over the generations. This change in attitude and interest exponent have been caused by the technological advancements that the intelligent and creative minds of people themselves have created. Thus, it may appear needful for the advocates of the Holy Bible and the Ten Commandments to go and ride with the growing technology in order to assure that people are not forgetting the Ten Commandments.With this effort, it can also be assured that people will always be reminded about these commandments and what they really mean. The display of the Ten Commandments can be most typically seen in churches. People seldom see these messages displayed in billboards or in freedom walls and posters. However, knowing the sizeableness of these commandments in the lives of people, will it be improper to publicly display this message, or is it more appropriate to leave these messages in the pages of the Bible, hence l eaving the choice to people whether they will choose to read it or not.Considering the abovementioned claims about human beings as visual creatures, and about the growth of very powerful advertising techniques, it may therefore be necessary for the Ten Commandments to appeal to the human sense of sight in order to clutch up with the powerful advertisements people see nowadays. There could be several ways on how this limited message can be promoted in order not to violate other beliefs and culture. What matters most is to send the message and assure that Christians will always remember its significance wherever they go.A variety of eruditeness theories attest that remembering does not usually happen in the blink of an eye. In reality, it actually takes most people a certain period of time to remember something and fully understand its meaning. Memorizing and remembering the Ten Commandment are not an easy task as well. It is not also everyday that a teacher asks their students to memorize the Ten Commandments. Thus, people are not really sure as to whether the Ten Commandments are still remembered and observed nowadays. With this, it only goes to show that proper endorsement, exposure, and promotion are what these commandments really need.If public displays make a brand of soda very popular worldwide, how overmuch more help it could do if a list of simple messages would be displayed to remind the people about moral stability and righteousness of the world? If powerful advertisements can make a politician and a celebrity known globally, how much more can it remind people about God who should be the most influential and the most popular idol above anyone else? This is not a major impossibility people are just being hesitant to make it happen. The Bottom LineThe Ten Commandments, in reality, may not be the most popular set of phrases and commands there are for people to remember. Yet, these commandments must be the most popular and the most significant set of messages that people should remember to live by everyday. While most people nowadays tend to overlook and disregard the Ten Commandments, people can never deny or refute the fact that the commandments are the simplest and the most fundamental set of laws that Christians must follow each day of their lives in order to preserve their moral stability and their positive and open connection to the Lord.The Ten Commandments are even considered as the fence which, when broken, may let a sheep out in an open celestial orbit without any direction and sense of security (Frederick 1). It does not actually take a Bible nous to understand and fully grasp the message of the Ten Commandments what someone needs is a person who is energetic and willing to embrace what the Ten Commandments say in order to understand it fully. Perhaps, having these commandments displayed publicly may not violate Gods will, for it might even give Him great help in disseminating the good news.If people are able to re member the many traffic rules there are on the roads. It may not be that hard to remember these simple commandments. If people are able to internalize popular phrases and quotes from politicians, it may not be that impossible as well for them to grasp what God is trying to teach people through the Ten Commandments. People are not always reminded everyday about the grandness of the Ten Commandments and how these commandments should be lived out as well.Thus, displaying these special messages for public view may appear not just as a reminder but as an eternal and unchanging message as well of how the Lord wants His people to be always righteous and be on the right track. workings Cited Frederick, Allen. Do the Ten Commandments Matter? . Helium. com. 13 March 2009 http//www. helium. com/items/1206086-thou-shalt-not. Pahlavan, Kourosh. Designing an Anthropomorphic Head-Eye System. Visual Attention and Cognition. Eds. C. Freska, H. S. Stiehl, and W. H. Zangemeister. Amsterdam, The Nethe rlands Elsevier Science, 1996. 269-292.

American Dream In the 1920s Essay Example for Free

American envisage In the 1920s EssayIn the 1920s, many Americans were trying to achieve the infamous American Dream. The woolgather was to be rich, successful, happy, and one of the sociable elites. However, up to now though this was the breathing in for Americans in the 1920s, the oecumenical standard has changed oer the years into the present time. Since the 1920s, the inhalation of putting a high emphasis on an individualistic and worldly-minded life has evolved into a present day day- pipe dream of working hard, holding a well-paying wrinkle, and raising a family. The 1920s was an era of declined social and moral values, as shown by its increased pursuit of merriment. When World state of war I breaked in 1918, the young Americans who had fought the war became deeply disillusioned, as the battles that they had just fought in do the Victorian social morality of the early 1920s seem like hypocrisy.This caused those that had fought in the war to non c atomic number 18 as much about upholding conventional morals. Also, since World War I was the war to end all wars, Americans were quite optimistic during the 1920s. The uncontrol guide satisfaction that led to self-indulgent parties and wild hunch medication resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the uninhibited desire for plea trusted exceeded other, less about-valuable goals. Americans pursuit of pleasure in the 1920s resulted ultimately in a decline in values. many of the values of todays dream are similar to those of the 1920s. The dream today does consist of pleasure and happiness. However, the dream of the 1920s was to put a much stronger emphasis on it than todays dream does. The values and morals today are also more(prenominal) widely accepted by the general public. An example of this is women wearing bathing suits to a public beach. In the 1920s, it was bad enough that those bathing suits were even the least bit revealing.Today, however, it is perfectly ac ceptable for women to wear bikinis to a public beach, which are much more revealing than those of the 1920s. This is because the standard has gradually changed over time. Many of the values of the 1920s were extremely new and deviated from the average greatly. The new values crashed right into the 1920s with the emergence of the flapper, a new generation of women who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and listened to jazz music. multitude had no time to adapt to these values. On the other hand, the values of the modern American dream were gradually incorporated. Americans today have been about these values long enough that they are now given to them. During the 1920s, family life was both similar and different than it is now. Advancements in industrial production and technology enabled ordinary Americans to produce what once had been unattainable luxuries, such as automobiles.These luxuries that were part of anyday family life in the 1920s are still part of the dream today. There are, however, differences between family life of the 1920s and modern family life. In the 1920s, husbands were the breadwinners for their families. age the men were at work, their wives cooked, cleaned, and looked after the home. Wives also did most of the raising of the children. Women in the 1920s did hold jobs, exclusively that was something more for young, single women. Married women typically did not obtain a job because it would cause them to require their focus off of taking care of their family. The dream today is that both men and women perform be shares of raising the family. Instead of just the men holding jobs, women also hold jobs today. Instead of just the women sympathize with for the home and children, men also take part.Through these efforts, Americans can hope to achieve the part of the dream of raising a family. Throughout the 1920s, Americans went on a spending spree. The rise of the stock market led to a sudden increase in the national wealth and crea ted a society full of materialism. People began to consume and spend more than ever, and they had the idea that money and popularity would solve everything. A person from any social background could, potentially, strike a fortune. Speculators and industrialists who achieved the American dream in the 1920s of getting rich were label the new money. The aristocracy disliked the new money. The so-called old money, families that had always had money that was passed down from generation to generation, felt that the get rich quick ways of earning money were not as fulfilling as the traditional ways.Today, money is valued differently than it was in the 1920s. The dream is not centered so much around money as it used to be. Yes, money is still just as important, but mountain nowadays keep other goals in mind other than just earning money. The dream today consists of having a job that pays well and that is enjoyable, not just a job that only pays well. Another part of the American dream th at women had in the 1920s was equal rights with men. The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, which allowed women the right to vote, helped them come even close-set(prenominal) to having equal rights with men. In the dream today, women seem to not be as concerned about womens rights as they did in the 1920s.This is due to the fact that most of the work that needed to be done has already been done, such as the womens rights movement and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. Today, on average, women earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Women still hold far less ownership, CEO, and other high positions within companies than men. These twain facts are evidence that work still remains in the struggle for equal rights for women. However, women definitely came a long way and it is only a matter of time before they are equal with men, for most of the work has already been done.In the 1920s, there seems to have been an American dream that everyone was trying t o achieve. Many people looked and some still do look toward this as a model for their own individual American dreams. However, even though this might have been the dream for many Americans in the 1920s, the general standard sure has changed over the years into the present time. Since the 1920s, the dream of putting a high emphasis on buttoned-down life has evolved into a present day dream of working hard, holding a well-paying job, and raising a family.

Swu Balay Alumni Management System Essay Example for Free

Swu Balay Alumni circumspection System EssayThe hospitality industry is one that is to begin with focused on node satisfaction. For the most part, it is built on leisure or is luxury-based, as debate to meeting basic directs. Hotels and resorts, cruise lines, airlines and former(a) various forms of travel, tourism, special event planning, and backupaurants all generally take under the realm of the hospitality industry. Exceptional avail is usually precise important for all of these businesses. guest satisfaction usually leads to consumer loyalty, which helps to ensure the success of a corporation in the hospitality industry. A hotel is an plaque that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in seasons past, consisting exactly of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has mostly been replaced by populate with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels argon usually indicative of the range and type of services available.Front-of-the-House trading operations are known so because these operations take place in front of the invitees. Thus, these operations are related either to direct interaction with the guest or they are being conducted in front of the guest. The front locating activities start from the eon a guest calls or sends in a request for interlocking/ accommodation. Staff of the front office department starts interacting with guest by taking in, guest learning and reservation request, leading to confirmation of reservation and finally to the handling of guest on arrival and guest check-in. Check-in activity is a mustiness for both, a guest with reservation or a walk-in-guest, i.e., one is with fall out prior reservation.Due to the enormous amplify in tourismworldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards, especially those of smaller establishments, have improved conside rably. Hotels are independently assessed in traditional schemes and these rely heavily on the facilities provided. Today, most ofthe Hotels provide goods and services apply computer trunk. It helps to perpetrate task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are be be intimate fully automated while others strive for the standardized setting. Computer programmers develop things kindred computer dust that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do.They make programs that users piece of tail easily used or understand. The advent of crude engineering gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is in business, science or whatever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are compound with automation at the core of this efficient today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. Hotel Front Desk System is a accomplishment processing and trouble system. In this system thither are more wagess rather than a manual way of doing the task.fundamental interaction and undivided stimulation have always been linked to the technological avail major power of the time and place. With the transition to an information-based society, computers and legal proceeding have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which toilette edit, delete, filter, monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. Indeed, Information Technology provides Hospitality solutions in delivering sophisticated services that differentiate the company from competitors and draw a personalized arrest for each guest. This comprehensive suite of solutions helps hotel owners and operators to achieve customer satisfaction.With this, the researchers weigh that for a rising business like the SWU BALAY ALUMNI, which go for th soon provide accommodation business to allow for the schools stakeholders and community needs to have a good front desk system that will help run the operation easier in terms of accommodation process involving its clients and guests. The researchers want to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation and conduct a canvas towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel lighten use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted, which sight be later on applied to that of the proposed SWU BALAY ALUMNI. Therefore, the researchers purported to find out how to increase the number of customer using computerized reservation. Front Desk system is a transaction processing system that discharges the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservations and transactions.The computerized Front Desk System aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accurate. Th e system outfit staff schedules to optimal service levels, control costs, and rapidly adapt to changing conditions. Accuracy and efficiency give the bounce never be a question, since in both the operators and customers, time is important, with this integration fast and reliable service is optimized. It excessively allows your managers to spend less time on administrative tasks and more time taking precaution of guests and solving other issues on the property. Other than that, these solutions give the gate ensure your staff and operations are discharge at peak motion. Youll be able to identify sales trends, product and inventory costs, compare similar locations, and evaluate performance against established bud bugger offs and targets thus, ensuring organization within the company operations.Furthermore, added feature that promotes great customer experience like seasonal discounts and privileges offered to loyal or lucky patrons. The system once implemented it will solve the mo st common problems that the Hotel Reservation encounter. In the hospitality industry, labor is one of the largest expense items. This kind of way system that is fast, efficient, and user-friendly, cuts of the burden of too much labor and expense of manual work. With the skills and knowledge of the Researchers the possibility of establishing this system is vivid. Definitely, SWU BALAY ALUMNI needs this system in order for the business to grow and to be successful.Purpose and Description of the leadThe purpose of the study is to be able to have efficient control and maintain organization in the flow and process of the celebrateing aspects of operations* ReservationHotel reservations are made in real time and immediately after booking. It will help to manage a collection of data in the hotel. Moreover, you nominate add, change, and cancel bookings.* Booking*Booking is the actual confirmation of payment one by a customer upon check in or accommodation of the room* composesUpon rese rvation and booking, must have a guest profile to attach it. Guest Profile contains main information about a Guest. Guest Profile has type of Individual, Company, Corporate, Travel Agent, or other Source of a Hotel Reservation and Booking. You can search, view, update or cancel a created reservation. If a reservation has been cancelled, then you can re-activate it if the Guest comes back. Reservation can be in Pending status such as putting in Waiting List if board is not yet available. It can be taken off the Waiting List and accepted when inhabit becoming available. Many options can be applied to Reservation to tailor your needs.Profile in Hotel charge System listing the multiple addresses and phone number capability for each profile. It means that if any erroneous belief happens during the transaction or key in data the system can read and detect with very fast. Its to avoid the duplication while doing the transaction and the customer profile can be livery for long lasting. O ther than that, with the profile, the management can see and sort out the special customer who has the social rank or club number and tracking them. With this way, customer might be have the special order and can get the privilege.For the unlimited identification card numbers, guest can use many types of credit card in the hotel to make a payment which this system giving various types to pay. This system also can give more advantage where they can see the outstanding history statistics for past and prospective put ups. Its to avoiding the fraud in falsifying data and loss. Customer have many advantage when they come to the hotel who has implemented the hotel reservation software because they no need to make a registration each time come to the hotel because the profile customer are save and have a protection and privacy.* Rate and Discounts tone downEvery hotel has their own judge to attract the customer to come to their hotel. This is the strategies to ensure the hotel alway s get the customer and to maintain their profit. In the Hotel Management System, the inventory control very useful because it can show to us the unlimited room classes and rooms types that the hotel has. This inventory can helps the management hotel to see their securities industrying also the performance in daily, weekly, monthly even yearly. These modules also can helps to arrange the rate plans by see the market price and see the rank in the multiple currencies. So that every customer or noncitizen can search the hotel booking by see the currencies price. These modules also can keep change and negotiated rates by following the versatile tax calculations and chain cross sell capability with schedule.In the rooms and rate management and restrictions, the Hotel Management System can helps where they can manage the room with following the rate. If there have any restriction, that means the rooms was ordered or already reserved by the individual, grouping or others. So that, they cannot enter or reserve that rooms until the cancellation done. For more looks forward, this system giving the ability to open or close room types by rate, property, room class, etc. For those was booking the hotel, they no need to worried because this system has unlimited number of guarantee. To those had give the deposit before enter the rooms, they can get it back when they check out because the system save who pay for the deposit and if any cancellation, they must follow the policies to ensure the safety between hotel and customer.Besides that, the reservation system lets you set up rate structures for individual properties, groups of properties, or for chains. Multi-level rate and inventory controls make inventory management easier and increase profitability. Rates and room types can be automatically restricted based on percentage occupancy, minimum stay through, arrival date, and more. Agents can use the hotel reservation system to easily determine best available rates for any space of stay. To maximize property revenues, these hotel reservation computer systems also support interfacing to major yield management systems.* dispositionThe Hotel administrator is responsible for the reception of guest as well as internal communications of the hotel services. The impart of administrator is related to the guest reception service or, as it has been recently called, front office service.* reportThe reporting system provides a number of standard reports. System reports may be generated automatically and may be run daily, weekly, monthly, yearly or manually upon request. Reports include expected arrivals, reservation, property forecast, total booking activity, stay activity, monthly and daily booking activity summary. property detail, agent activity, automatic allotment justify and delivery queue purge.* premenstrual syndrome interfaceCRS offer Two-Way Interface that allows the CRS to communicate with and exchange information between the CRS central databas e and the Front Office PMS ( lieu Management System) at each property. The Two-Way Interface includes features that are allowed the CRS and PMS to work with the same information despite differing data structures and values. What interface to a web-based PMS offers Control all reservations coming from different sources in a single control panel/extranet Property Management System helps you distribute your rooms optimally to different online communicates you work with since with PMS you can easily check the resource of your reservations.You can easily analyze how much each sales channel contributes to your revenues and identify the most efficient channels. With Property Management System, hoteliers receive instant alerts containing information of your reservations length of stay with check-in and check-out dates, number of guests, room type, price and rates, personal information of customers, billing and etc. Main advantage of a web-based PMS is its communication ability to CRS a s well as to hotel website booking engine and other online sales channels.Objectives of the StudyThe study aims to create a Hotel Front Desk System for SWU BALAY ALUMNI.General ObjectiveThis study aims to solve the problems encountered and to change the manual reservation and hotel processes and transactions.Specific ObjectivesSpecifically the proposed system will guide to do the following objectives a) To create a computerized system that will manage the records of the following entities* Guests* Staff* Rooms* Reportsb) To create a computerized system that will manage tasks for Housekeeping. c) To create a computerized system that will provide impregnable Sales Reports and Inventories. d) To create a computerized system that will manage and control on Room ratesScope and Limitations of the StudyThis study mainly focused on providing retailing business application using computerized system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process o n every transaction especially in a hotel front desk management. This study looked into a better impact of using technology today on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this study, it can help our beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information.Furthermore the proposed Front Desk Hotel Management System for SWU BALAY ALUMNI limits itself in the following aspects Room Reservation, Room Bookings, Room Maintenance and Housekeeping, Staff and Customer Profiling, administrative Control, Reporting, and Billing. However, this project is limited only in giving discounted rates for Southwestern Alumni and stakeholders. Furthermore, reservations can only be conducted in two ways either walk-in or via phone call. Thus, online reservation is not possible. The system is not capable of managing both payroll, laundry, restaurant, bar, gym and other facil ities and amenities offered of the hotel..

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Psychology Essay

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Psychology proveOrganisations argon struggling in the current warlike economic climate. Ensuring organizational survival may in conclusion come down to take outing and recruiting skil reach employees (Barber Roehling, 1993). Terpstra (1994) identified enlisting as an essential strategy for organisations to prosper and perish in the global economy, suggesting the initial attraction and selection of orduredidates may be the approximately definitive theme for organisational performance. As the realisation of the link between human-capital and financial growth is now a sh atomic number 18d cognition across domains, the crucial importance an employee holds is broader acknow leadged (Gardner, 2002). Recruitment is a fundamental organisational activity defining who force constitute the organisation (Turban Cable, 2003). The difference between a mediocre and exceptional hire could mean momentous differences for organisational profit (Wicklund-Hansen Weyergang-Nielsen, 2007). Thus the benefits of efficient and successful recruiting be increasingly recognized in enquiry and writings (Barber, 1998 Billsberry, 2007 Breaugh, 2008).Recognising the importance of employees, somebodyly and as a whole, organisations are increasing their enlisting investments. Ralston Brady (1994) modestly suggested the average minimal brain dysfunctionress of recruiting and selecting to be solely over $2000 per undivided. Given such large numerates are spent, there is two an expectation and a demand for recruitment to be of organisational benefit. The debate by Terjesen, Vinnicombe and Freeman (2007) addresses the contain for adapting recruitment practices to up-and-coming graduates, in brief to constitute the labour force of the 21st century. Re pursuit findings by Ryan, Sacco, McFarland and Kriska (2000) emphasizing also the importance of recognising the individual appliers choice in the recruitment function. Howe ver, Ryan and Tippins (2004) argue there are still large gaps between brain and practice in this area.Recruitment in the current labour food marketRecruitment takes mail in a wider societal context and shifts in the labour market depart after affect recruitment activities. In tighter markets potential scenes are liable(predicate) to be slight critical of the suffice as they are in do-or-die(a) requirement for a job (Cable Judge, 1996). Contrary, in a flourishing economy where organisations are in demand of tenfold hires, the on-going competition leads to a lack of high-quality candidates. Fernndez-Aroz, Groysberg and Nohria (2009) claim organisations will face challenges when recruiting to supplant the plentiful baby boomers. Some business sectors are especially pr unrivaled to this and hence compete for the outdo candidates, also known as the war for talent (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002 Hiltrop 1999).In contrast to much of Europe, Norway is a area where the economy is boosting (Takla, 2012). With an unemployment rate of 2.7% and increasing growth in the industry, Norway finds itself in a position where some occupations genuinely lack qualified workforce. Low unemployment rates will naturally increase competition for the best pack (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002), but in Norway this is also combined with a strong economy and growing companies. Recent figures from the Norwegian labour and welfare administration revealed a need for 16.000 engineers in the imminent future (Kaspersen, 2012) The numbers are consistent with research predicting proficient and engineering skills of particular shortage in the years to come (Dohm, 2000). Businesses in unrelenting demand of talent are consequently competing, all depending on qualified employers to survive (Tulgan, 2001). How recruitment is managed should be of essential prize especially for organisations in such a position. A recent great deal showed that 92% of organisations within the oil- and gas sector in Norway were in demand for graduate engineers (Vartdal Riise, 2012). One of the largest technical universities in Norway plans to expand their capacity for engineers by several(prenominal) cytosine (Amelie, 2012a). An emerging job market consisting of desperate organisations and cohorts of new graduates triggers the need for further shrewdness into attraction and recruitment.Defining recruitmentRecruitment literature stretches over a wide spectre, thus claiming necessity to clarify a commentary for the thesis at hand. Also, it mustiness be distinguished between the two organisational activities recruitment and selection, tightly linked and very much occurring simultaneously. Recruitment can be gather ined as the initial and sustained attraction of candidates, whereas selection is the mold of selecting among potential employees (Rynes Boudreau, 1986). Research on recruitment has often been subject to critique of having a static great deal of a process that is sooner quite dynamic (Barber, 1998). In response this thesis views recruitment as an on-going process consisting of several stages (Saks Uggerslev, 2010) and will apply the adjacent definition for recruitment () the actions organizations take to generate applicant pools, maintain viable applicants, and hike desired candidates to join those organizations (Dineen Soltis, 2011, p.43). This definition differs from Barbers (1998), critiqued for only accenting on attraction of candidates. Hence, it is desirable utilizing a definition that acknowledges the ultimate outcome of recruitment, namely a candidates job offer acceptance (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002). phoebe bird dimensions of recruitmentAs the area of recruitment research is versatile, Barbers (1998) distinction between cinque dimensions of recruitment will be applied in the following paragraph. This serves as both a mannikin for organising a wide research area, as well as discussing precedent work with its inevitable strength s and limitations. distinctly illustrated by these examples are how the dimensions are inextricably linked, underlining recruitment as dynamic and complex (Boswell, Roehling, LePine Moynihan, 2003).ContextRynes (1991) highlights the open fact that recruitment occurs in a wider contextual picture. The economic climate, labour market, organisational size and business-sector are all potentially influencing factors (Rynes, 1991 Rynes, Heneman Schwab, 1980 Taylor Bergmann, 1987 Turban, silene Eyring, 1995). As the run into of recruitment needfully will vary, it can be of value to hand to a greater extent specific recruitment research related to a given context (Derous Schreurs, 2009). Moreover, the need to recognise context as a variable in concrete research is much needed, as a great deal of recruitment studies is done in experimental scenes. For example, Rynes and miller (1983) manipulated recruiter knowledge, recruiter affect, and job attributes to quantity cause of re cruiter influence. Goltz and Giannantonio (1995) manipulated recruiter friendliness in an experimental video-condition content. Both studies found recruitment activities to have an effect on candidates, confirming the contributing value of experimental studies in the discipline of recruitment research (Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin Jones, 2005).However, suggestions have been do that research designs using simulating job-applicants can lead to under realmd research claims (Rynes Miller, 1983 Uggerslev, Fassina Kraichy, 2012). Barber (1998) argues studies of experimental character direct to a simplification of the complexity the recruitment process holds. A simulated battlefield does not need plentifuly capture the many variables and external occurrences that will influence a candidate in a real-world setting (Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin Jones, 2005). Studies utilizing real job seekers in an positive recruitment setting might validate the strength of prev ious findings, if holding true to contexts where influence of a recruitment process truly has consequences both for candidate and organisation. On the other hand, manipulating variables in recruitment activities would be ethically challenging (Highhouse, Lievens Sinar, 2003). Therefore, studies done in a real- lifespan setting must choose a method in line with strict ethical considerations.PlayersNaturally receiving most attention in recruitment research has been organisational representatives and candidates. Recognising both parties is the friendly process paradigm with a view of recruitment as a two-way, inter-subjective interaction (Herriot, 2002). This perspective has progressively earned respect as an alternative to the dominating psychometric paradigm by allowing for the candidates voice to be heard (Billsberry, 2007). The development towards a social process quite an than a one-sided organisational choice leads to disporting interactions between candidate and organisatio n in the current economic climate. A number of recent studies have try oned to define the best strategy for attracting and convincing candidates to accept job offers in a competitive market (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002 Turban, Forret Hendrickson, 1998 name and address possibly Boswell et al, if not finding any other more about a competitive market).extensively debated is whether recruiter characteristics and behaviour actually have an influence on candidates. Alderfer and McCord (1970) were among the first to explore the possible effect of recruiter characteristics a continuing study of interest as recruitment research has evolved. The meta-analysis by Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin and Jones (2005) conclude that recruiter behaviour such as macrocosm personable influenced candidate attraction to organisations. By applying signalling surmise (Spence, 1973) to recruitment, research has present how candidates view recruiters in the recruitment process as signals of unknown organisational characteristics and attributes (Turban, Forret Hendrickson, 1998). Rynes, Bretz and Gerhart (1991) found recruiters to act as a symbolisation of interpersonal relations in the organisation, indicating candidates use recruiter behaviour as images of interpersonal work relations. Chapman and Webster (2006) later concluded recruiter influence appears more complex than anticipated.However, Breaugh (2012) points out that less attention has been devoted to recruiter effects over the finish few years. Also, a majority of recruiter-candidate interaction research is built on experimental designs, possibly ignoring effects from a real-life human interplay (reference). It is further suggested that qualitative research could prove value beyond the majority of brisk quantitative research (Breaugh, 2012).ActivitiesOrganisations facilitate recruitment activities such as campus career fairs, employment interviews and site visits to attract candidates (Arvey Campion, 1982 Turban, Campion Eyring, 1995). The review by Rynes, Heneman and Schwab (1980) and more recent research by Collins and Stevens (2002) both state that recruitment activities have the potential to influence candidates, possibly by signals of wider organisational attributes (Turban, 2001). However, there is still a need for a better come acrossing of how recruitment activities affect a candidate (Turban, 2001).Breaugh (2008) highlights the site visit as a recruitment activity given undeservedly little attention. An exception is the study by Turban, Campion and Eyring (1995) extending preceding research by demonstrating just how influential the site visit can be on actual job acceptance stopping points. Another interesting aspect of the site visit is the possibility to incur future colleagues beyond organisational representatives often sent from the human resource department. Consistent with the suggestion by Rynes and Miller (1983), Rynes, Bretz and Gerhart (1991) found that meetin gs with any given organisational representative is less influential than meeting someone from the same operable area as the candidate. The site visit typically consists of several activities and Turban, Campion Eyring (1995) suggest future research continuing to investigate how applicants interpret and take a crap meaning of attending one.Saks and Uggerslev (2010) critiques existing research for an exaggerated focus on single activities. Consequentially some activities can come across as having a very(prenominal) small or large influence, possibly limited by research methodology. Those who ultimately accept a job offer will have been by means of a more extensive process, very in all probability consisting of several activities. Whereas initial stages are critical to determine candidates further pursuit, later stages have a profound effect on the final job acceptance decision. Recruitment activities do not occur in a vacuum. The overall experience of a recruitment process based on combined effects of activities must be acknowledged (Saks Uggerslev, 2010).PhasesExperimental studies often break the recruitment process down to littler units for investigation. This approach ignores that going through a recruitment process is not likely to be experienced as single resolutions with a separate effect on the candidate, but quite as a process consisting of phases (Boswell, Roehling, LePine and Moynihan, 2003). The early stages of recruitment have been suggested critical, because this can decide candidates willingness to proceed with a given organisation. Critical contact theory addresses how applicants are influenced in their first meeting with organisational representatives (Ralston Brady, 1994). Rynes, Bretz and Gerharts (1991) study demonstrated the possible detrimental effects of a single interaction, showing a number of candidates actually chose to aim from recruitment based on a negative first impression.Due to the stress job search can hold as well as anticipation of evaluation, it has been suggested job applicants enter the process with irresolution as a salient emotion (Proost, Derous, Schreurs, Hagtvet De Witte, 2008 Rynes, 1991). Moreover, uncertainty is likely to persist as candidates are face with consistently limited information (Barber Roehling, 1993). Assessing levels of uncertainty is difficult in a simulated setting, unfortunately undermining a great deal of existing research (Breaugh, 1992, as cited in Barber Roehling, 1993).Studies have demonstrated that candidates consider assorted information and organisational features differently throughout the recruitment process (Carless, 2005 Jaidi, Van Hooft Arends, 2011). The elaboration likelihood simulation (ELM) suggests peripheral processing is superior to central processing in the primary stages of a recruitment process (Larsen Phillips, 2002). The former type of information processing typically leads to a focus on environmental cues rather than relevant job c haracteristics. Saks and Uggerslevs (2010) study on college students found that rather focusing on the effect of a single activity or stage, the total combination of the whole recruitment process should be considered. Contrary, it has been suggested that assorted stages of the recruitment process in itself does not significantly influence a candidate final decision (Lawler, Kuleck, Rhode Sorensen, 1975 Powell Goulet, 1996). Findings from previous research thus prove conflicting suggesting candidates may go through recruitment with or without a diverse range of perceptions, emotions and thoughts that influence their final decisions.OutcomeFor organisations to maximise utility, the ultimate end finale of a recruitment process is job offer acceptance from desirable candidates (Jackson Schuler, 1990). Nevertheless, much research has often studied candidates reactions at a given point during the process. Attracting and maintaining candidates are obviously inevitable requirements fo r a viable recruitment process. Yet, acknowledging the process inherent dynamic nature combined with the fact that organisations attempt to actively influence a potential candidate the effects of this influence must be assessed. The study by Aiman-metalworker, Bauer and Cable (2001) revealed that different factors lead to job attraction and actual job pursuit. An extensive amount of research mea reliables only candidates attitudes, perceptions and impressions, rather than actual choice (Rynes, Bretz Gerhart, 1991). Many studies approach recruitment from the organisations view, attempting to establish how an applicant can be persuaded to accept a job offer (Jaidi, Van Hooft Arends, 2011 reference). Such studies operate with the implicit assumption of a candidate actually making a choice (Boswell et al., 2003). However there is less knowledge of how the candidate perceives this choice or decision-making. The perspective of a candidate who has been through a full recruitment experie nce with the result of accepting a job offer is less investigated and will inevitably provide knowledge of important aspects of recruitment (Saks Uggerslev, 2010).GraduatesA large part of an organisations recruitment activities revolve well-nigh new graduates, of interest for the new skills and updated education they contribute with (Turban, Forret Hendrickson, 1998 Wayne Casper, 2012). The recent years have witnessed changes in recruitment practices as competition for graduates tightens (Branine, 2008).However, recruitment literature and research has often been criticised for overly emphasizing college graduates (Breaugh, 2008 Rynes, Heneman III Schwab, 1980). Nevertheless, multiple interesting aspects serve justice to focusing on this particular group of job seekers. Career theory refers to the transition from student to employee as an important one, significantly affecting a persons life (Super, 1980). Previous research has found inexperienced job seekers to be more likely in fluenced by recruitment practices (Feldman Arnold, 1978 Larsen Phillips, 2002). Walker, Field, Giles and Bernerth (2008) demonstrated how candidates limited job experience and job search influenced their perception of recruitment activities. Seeking regular employment for the very first time might be a particular meaningful event where one is exceptionally aware of recruitment practices because of their novelty.Graduate recruitment is both voluminous in size and investments( Rynes Boudreau, 1986). In addition, the study by Terjesen, Vinnicombe and Freeman (2007) suggested the coming workforce, generation Y (1977-1994) differs from previous generations. As organisations are increasingly acknowledging human capital as a competitive edge, the need for educated workforce is not likely to decrease. Liden and Parsons (1996) points out that educated candidates approach job-searching differently than candidates seeking lower level jobs, where the former is more discriminating in the pro cess.Collectively, this demonstrates new graduates as a sample of interest for further investigation. Rather than attempting to talk across all job seekers, clearly quite distinctive, this study recognises and appreciates graduates as a separate tail end group for research.Aim and research questionIn summary, Barbers dimensions call attention to recruitment research in the field, where context and realistic human interaction is acknowledged. There is a need to further investigate how recruitment activities and recruiter behaviour are elements of a whole recruitment experience leading to the ultimate outcome of a candidates job offer acceptance. The current economic climate holds exciting times for new graduates. Indeed, Celani and Singh (2011) highlight the competitive benefit an organisation could gain from enhanced understandings of candidates reaction and appraisal of recruitment practices.By acknowledging the individual as the organisations most valuable asset, an expectation follows to consider the individuals perspective, also in recruitment. Breaugh (2012) highlighted the valuable in-depth insight to the candidates perspective from the previous qualitative work of Rynes, Bretz and Gerhart (1991) and Boswell, Roehling, LePine Moynihan (2003). Based on a person-centric approach, Weiss Rupp (2011) suggest the human subjective experience should guide more research. Insight from candidates own lecture about recruitment experiences has been of inspiration (Billsberry, 2007). Therefore, the study employs a phenomenological approach to address the following research questionHow does a recent graduate experience the recruitment process?A phenomenological approachPhenomenology is concerned with exploring the fecundity of a real, concrete, daily-lived phenomenon (Finlay, 2009). The transition from graduating student to working professional has been proven a major one, additionally back up by life-stages theory and career theory (Ng Feldman, 2007 Schein, 19 78, Super 1980). Billsberry (2007) argue job-related events such as obtaining or ever-changing jobs are of significance, but they are also a natural experience in the inevitable increase of life. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an approach of exploration of a lived experience (Clarke, 2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis is therefore worthy to explore how a new graduate experience a recruitment process. Something about why not other qualitative methods?However, merely stating that a study is of phenomenological nature is not sufficient for methodological rigour. Adopting a philosophical stance underpinning the method of choice should be done to uphold methodological clarity (Lowes Prowse, 2001). The incomprehensible phenomenology as described in the original work of Husserl request suspending all presuppositions of a phenomenon through bracketing (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). This bandstand has been critiqued for not recognising the cognitive aspe ct of a human being situated in a contextual world (Wilding Whiteford, 2005). Furthermore, the researchers seminal role in identifying, defining and formulating research is consistent with Smiths (2004) recommendation to avoid a superficial attempt of bracketing. The philosophical foundations underlying IPA is simply not compatible with complete bracketing, as the interpretative component inevitably acknowledges the researchers role.Heidegger advocates a hermeneutic phenomenology with interpretation at its core (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). Utilizing a double hermeneutic acknowledges the dual role of the researcher, where one tries to make sense of the participants experience after the experience has been subject to sense making from the participant itself (Smith Osborn, 2003 double examine book Uni). Rather than shallow bracketing, not adequate to its true form as proposed by Husserl, reflex(prenominal) bracketing was done in resonance with Aherns recommendations (1999). As being reflexive involves more than having an sentiency of ones standpoint, but should be consciously exercised throughout the research process, a full reflexive identify is given in section x.x (Finlay, 2002).A main goal in phenomenology is being able to understand what a particular experience is like for someone else (Creswell, 2007). Rooted in the phenomenological approach is the recognition that an experience takes place in a specific context (Willig, 2009). The contextual setting of the study will subsequently be addressed in the following section.ContextTo advocate high-quality research, Stiles (1993) advise explicit awareness of the social and cultural context of the research (as cited in Elliott, Fischer Rennie, 1999). IPA recognises that the individual is positioned in a context, inevitably influencing the individual sense-making process (Clarke, 2009). Furthermore, the aspect of context has often been overlooked in recruitment research, pointed out by Rynes (1991) more than 20 years ago. Erhart and Zieger (2005) continuously emphasize researchers to render the environmental context where organisational recruitment takes place. Several authors have highlighted the important factor of the current labour market (Rynes, Heneman Schwab, 1980 Turban, Campion Eyring, 1995). In response and in the belief of context-depending findings, the following paragraph will give a brief description of the context where this study took place.The parting of horse opera Norway thrives on the oil business and a majority of workplaces originates within this sector (Boe Hornbug, 2012). Stavanger, one of the largest cities in the region is often referred to as the oil capital of Norway. Several large international oil companies base their Norwegian head offices in this part of the country. Due to constant development over the last years and a forecast of continuous growth there is a pressing need for qualified engineers.The present study was conducted in an oil polit ical party employing 70.000 across the world, whereby 2000 of these work in Norway (Taraldsen, 2012). A recent survey correct by engineering students from the largest University in the area demonstrated the companys high status the company was rated among the top five most common employers (Hult, 2012). The company still emphasizes advertising their vacancies through the most popular job-search base in Norway. In general, job advertisements underline the companys attractiveness by emphasizing their abilities and position in the market. The adverts also encourage potential candidates to apply by embracing the uniqueness of each individual employee. During overwinter 2011/2012, the company carried out a recruitment process for their graduate programme, hiring 25 trainees after receiving several hundred applications.On the basis of their recent recruitment experience, a number of the newly hired trainees were asked to participate in this study. Acknowledging the criticism of recruit ment researchs large focus on graduate samples (Rynes, Orlitzky Bretz, Jr., 1997), nevertheless this was seen as a factor adding to the interest of this study. The social, the cultural and the heavy media focus on the oil business sector may lead to both expectations and pressure for a new graduate. A survey of the labour market during spring 2012 demonstrated that 82% of engineer graduates already have a contract signed by completion of their education (Amelie, 2012b). Organisations are ambitious in their search for talented candidates and as a result initiate recruitment at early stages (Gjerde, 2012 Halvorsen Ellingsen, 2011). While the offensive approach of competing organisations can contribute to an awareness of the attractiveness of engineers, it can simultaneously force feelings of pressure, rush and stress to the process of securing a job.Method public figureTo explore new graduates experience of a recruitment process, a cross-sectional study of qualitative nature was con ducted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was use to analyse semi-structured interviews.ProcedureThe researcher made contact with the organisation through a personal acquaintance in February 2012. Being aware of possible challenges in regards to organisational access, the researcher took several steps to ensure a smooth process (Johl Renganthan, 2010). Through mutual agreement between the researchers area of interest as well as the organisations need, a able sample for research was identified. The sample was chosen purposively to ensure all the participants had experienced the phenomena of interest, necessary to give insight into a particular perspective of the experience (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). Striving for a homogeneous sample, sample criteria were set to be recent graduated engineers who through the process of obtaining their first job naturally had been through a recruitment process. It was established forward to commencement of research that participants had b een exposed to various recruitment activities.To increase credibility for the study the human resource senior manager of the organisation sent out the first informative e-mail, supporting(a) participation. This was also done to ensure the participants felt comfortable sharing their experience, given they were recently hired at the organisation. Further, the researcher established contact per e-mail with the individual with thorough information (Appendix X Information sheet). e-mail contact is considered efficient for both parties in establishing contact and to make further arrangements for the interview (Seidman, 2006). Given concrete considerations and various start-dates, 14 individuals were contacted. As IPA is concerned with the quality and not the quantity of accounts, the researcher searched for a smaller sample as 3-6 participants is recommended (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). However it was found useful to initially contact a larger number, being aware that some participan ts may withdraw (Seidman, 2006). whole but one were initially positive, however situational factors led to a final sample of 6 participants. The researcher found this sample to fulfil the requirement of both suitable size and saturation (Kvale, 2007).ParticipantsThe sample consisted of Norwegian citizens, 3 females and 3 males (6 in total) between the ages 22-28. All participants had experienced various recruitment processes, including a site visit arranged by the organisation prior to being hired. The participants were all recent graduated engineers with a BSc or an MSc degree within various fields of engineering. All participants had their education from Norwegian universities where recruitment activities arranged by several companies had taken place in various forms. All but one participant resided in the greater area of Stavanger. assumed names were given to each participant to ensure anonymity.InterviewsInviting to a rich, detailed and personal account of the individuals expe rience, semi-structured interviews were chosen as method for this study. This is the preferred method for IPA as its flexibility allows for the experience of interest to lead the interview, rather than fitting it into pre-determined categories of a structured interview (Smith, 1995).Two buffer interviews were conducted early in the process, as strongly advised by Seidman (2006). This familiarises the researcher with the complexities an interview may hold. Although not identical with the actual sample, the volunteers for pilot interviews were also recent graduates having undergone recruitment processes in their search for jobs in the past year. Hence pilot interviews were useful to provide insight into possible important aspects of a recruitment experience and also led to changes in the interview structure such as fewer and less non-directive questions. The pilot was also seen as valuable training in interview technique, which according to Kvale (2007) is mastered through extensive practice.The interview guide was developed after wide reading around the topic of interest as well as inspiration from the pilot. Advised by Smith, Flower and Larkin (2009) it was attempted to approach the area of interest sideways. Rather than intercommunicate direct questions, which may be leading the participant, the questions attempted to facilitate a discussion around the topic of interest. The interview commenced by the open-ended question Could you tell me about how you got this job? (Appendix X). For an open-mind in regards to the participants experience, open-ended questions were asked, allowing the participants answer to steer the direction of the interview (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). Although having prepared possible reassessment questions, the researcher exercised flexibility throughout the interviews to fully be able to attend to the personal experience of the individual. Probes and prompts were used as suited. The interview session was rounded off asking each par ticipant if they had anything further to add which had not been addressed in the interview, but that was seen as important in their recruitment experience (Kvale, 2007).Interviews were held in the workplace during week 26 and 27 at the participants convenience. The researcher made sure to be allocated a room in sufficient distance from the participants department, to s