Investigatory Project in Biology

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF chile pepper pepper con carne (CAPSICUM ANNUM) EXTRACT An Investigatory Research Presented to Mrs. Presented by CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the work . peppercorn annuum is a domestic species of the establish genus Capsicum native to southern northwestwardern the States and northern South America. jalapeno has been a diverge of the gentlemans gentleman forage in the Americas since at least 7500 BC. thither is archaeological evidence at sites regain in southwestern Ecuador that chili pepper peppers were domesticated more than 6000 years ago and is wiz of the first gracious crops in the commutation and South Americas that is self-pollinating.The coif is a perennial, b arly usu e trulyy grown as an unmatchable-year, with a densely branched tooth root. The plant reaches 0. 51. 5 m (2060 in). The species is a source of popular sweet peppers and animated chili fruit, and numerous varieties ar cultivated most the world. Despite be ing a wiz species, Capsicum annuum has many cultivars, with a manakin of names. In Ameri ass position it is honey oilly bonkn as a chili pepper or ships bell pepper. Hot peppers are apply in medical specialty as well as food for thought in Africa.It is utilise in medicine, in combination with C inona in in borderittent and lethargic affections, and as well in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied by flatulence, tympanitis, paralysis etc. Its most invaluable application appears however to be in cynanche maligna and scarlatina maligna, apply both as a gargle or administered intern on the wholey. In this look, germicide activity of chili bequeath be studied. Certain bacteria and fungal species bequeath be the focus of the experiment. bacterium such as Staphylococcus aureus and fungus kingdom like T reconditeophyton rubrum Statement of the ProblemThe principal(prenominal) problem of this study is to determine the antimicrobic activity of chili (Capsicum annum) perp etrate. This study similarly intends to answer the following. 1. The authorization of the chili excerpt as an disinfectant. 2. The response of the bacterium species to the chili extract. 3. The response of the fungal species to the chili extract. moment of the Study This study would add friendship in the field of erudition. This would also be a help in encourage studies about plants as antimicrobial. Science students and science teachers sack up use this as a source for future research with regards to this study.The common would directly benefited by this study. Infections of bacteria and kingdom Fungi to humans such as pimples, suspensors foot, skin infection and profligacy get out be aided naturally. Since chili is cheap and highly available, people can easily get and make antimicrobial extract from chili. Moreover, this study whitethorn as well be use by future researchers as a resource material. Scope and Limitation of the Study This research would make use extra ct from chili as antimicrobial. Other natural extracts from separate plants are excluded. antimicrobial activity take ons bacteria and fungal species.Bacteria species consist of Staphylococcus aureus speckle fungal species consist of Trichophyton rubrum. dealing with microorganisms might be exposed for contamination. uninspired technique should be observed. Over 2 plates of microorganisms impart be prepared and a many laboratory works leave be done. This might lessen the effectiveness of the research data and result referable to human cause. Thats why human patience and strength should be employed to avoid incorrect result. CHAPTER II check OF RELATED LITERATURE Capsicum Annuum as defineCapsicum annuum is a domesticated species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America and northern South America. The three species C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense all evolved from a single common origin located nighwhere in the northwest Brazil Columbia area. hi s species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capiscums. The name annuum means annual (from the Latin annus year, the plant is non an annual and in the absence of winter frosts can survive several seasons and grow into a large perennial shrub. The C. nnuum is especially juicy in warm and dry climates. The single flowers are an off-white (sometimes purplish) color whilst the stem is densely branched and up to 60centimetres (24 in) tall. When ripe, the fruit may be green, yellowness or red. In American side the plant is commonly known as a chili pepper or bell pepper. Sweet peppers are very oft used as a bulking agent in cheap effect made meals/take-away food as they are cheap, construct a vigorous flavour, and are colorful. The colorful aspect of peppers increases the optical appeal of the food, making it more appetizing.Capsaicin, a chemical found in chili peppers, creates a burning sensation erst ingested which can last for several hours a fter ingestion. In British English, the sweet varieties are called red or green peppers, and the impetuous varieties chillies whereas in Australian and Indian English the name capsicum is commonly used for bell peppers exclusively and chilli is often used to encompass the juicyter varieties. Uses of Capsicum Annuum The species is a source of popular sweet peppers and savoury chilis with numerous varieties cultivated all around the world.Hot peppers are used in medicine in Africa and new(prenominal) countries. It is employed in medicine, in combination with Cinchona in intermittent and lethargic affections, and also in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied by flatulence, tympanitis, paralysis etc. Its most valuable application appears however to be in cynanche maligna (acute diptheria) and scarlatina maligna (malignent Scarlet fever, used either as a gargle or administered internally. It is also admited efficacious for a good variety of symptoms including sore throat nd fever. Mic roorganisms Microorganisms are very diverse they include bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists microscopic plants (green algae) and animals such as plankton and the planarian. nigh microbiologists also include viruses, but others consider these as non-living. Most microorganisms are unicellular (single-celled), but this is not universal, since some multicellular organisms are microscopic, while some unicellular protists and bacteria, like Thiomargarita namibiensis, are macroscopic and panoptic to the naked eye.Microorganisms live in all parts of the biosphere where there is liquid water, including soil, hot springs, on the ocean floor, high in the atmosphere and deep inside rocks deep down the Earths crust. Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycle in ecosystems as they act as decomposers. As some microorganisms can frame nitrogen, they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle, and late(a) studies indicate that airborne microbes may play a aim in precipitation and weather. Microbes are also exploited by people in biotechnology, both in traditional food and beverage preparation, and in modern technologies found on genetic engineering. However, pathogenic microbes are harmful, since they invade and grow within other organisms, causing diseases that kill people, other animals and plants. Antimicrobials An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the egress of microorganisms1 such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes (microbiocidal) or observe the growth of microbes (microbiostatic).Disinfectants are antimicrobial substances used on non-living objects or outside the remains. The level of antimicrobials begins with the observations of Pasteur and Joubert, who discovered that one type of bacteria could hold open the growth of another. They did not know at that time that the reason one bacterium failed to grow was that the other bacterium was producing an antibiotic. Technically, antibiotics are only th ose substances that are produced by one microorganism that kill, or prevent the growth, of another microorganism.Of course, in todays common usage, the term antibiotic is used to refer to almost any drug that attempts to rid your body of a bacterial infection. Antimicrobials include not just antibiotics, but synthetically organise compounds as well. Antimicrobial nanotechnology is a recent addition to the fight against disease causing organisms, replacing heavy metals and toxins and may some day be a operable alternative. Infections that are acquired during a hospital levy are called hospital acquired infections or nosocomial infections.Similarly, when the infectious disease is picked up in the non-hospital alignting it is considered community acquired. Natural Antimicrobials some these plants gestate been investigated scientifically for antimicrobial activity, and a large number of plant products have been shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. A number of these agents appear to have structures and modes of motion that are distinct from those of the antibiotics in sure use, suggesting that cross-resistance with agents already in use may be minimal.So, it is worthwhile to study plants and plant products for activity against resistant bacteria. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Materials chilli pepper Forceps person and Pestle Bacteria culture liquidizer Fungal culture Cheese clothSmall posting absorbant paper Beaker Research Design In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Capsicum annum ordain be measured quantitatively against bacterial and fungal species.The Minimum Inhibitory engrossment (MIC) allow be qualitatively determined. Plant Collection and Sampling Method Chili (Capsicum annum) plant will be obtained from the local anesthetic market of Zamboan ga City. Mature chili will be use having a operational size of 1/4 inch in diameter. Chili will be purchased using simple random sampling. This will be applied to all chili vendors in the market. They will be washed in sterile water and will be crushed prior to extraction. downslope Process The 40g crushed chili will be blended until is reaches a imperturbable texture. The chili soup will be strained by a lay off cloth and extract the juice.The chili extract will be then set aside for the experiment. Bacterial and Fungal farming The Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum will be used in the experiment. These microorganisms will be obtained from Department of Science and Technology (DOST). entropy Gathering Procedure The MIC will be evaluated on the chili extract screening an antimicrobial activity. From the chili extract, a weeny circular absorbent paper will be soaked and place on the surface of the cultured microorganism. After 2 days. Result will be observed. The regularize of inhibition